Embonini yesimanje,ubuchwepheshe bokushisela nge-laserisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukene, kusukela ezindiza kuya ekukhiqizweni kwezimoto, kusukela emishinini kagesi kuya kumadivayisi ezokwelapha, kanye nezinzuzo zayo zokusebenza kahle kakhulu, ukunemba kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Ingqikithi yalobu buchwepheshe ukusebenzisana kwe-laser nezinto, kwakha ichibi elincibilikisiwe futhi liqine ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela kuvumela ukuxhumana kwezingxenye zensimbi. Ichibi lokushisela liyindawo ebalulekile ekushiseni nge-laser, futhi izici zalo zinquma ngqo ikhwalithi yokushisisa, isakhiwo esincane kanye nokusebenza kokugcina. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda okujulile kanye nokulawula okunembile kwezimpawu zechibi elincibilikisiwe kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izinga lobuchwepheshe bokushisisa nge-laser kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamajoyinti ashibilikisiwe asezingeni eliphezulu ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni.
I-geometry yechibi elibunjiwe
I-geometry yechibi lokushisela iyisici esibalulekile ocwaningweni lokushisela nge-laser, ngoba ithinta ngqo ukudluliselwa kokushisa, ukugeleza kwezinto kanye nekhwalithi yokugcina yokushisela ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela. Ukuma kwechibi elincibilikisiwe kuvame ukuchazwa ngokujula kwalo, ububanzi, isilinganiso sesici, i-geometry yendawo ethintekile ekushiseni (HAZ), i-geometry ye-keyhole, kanye ne-geometry yendawo yensimbi encibilikisiwe (MMA). Lawa mapharamitha awagcini nje ngokunquma ubukhulu nesimo sejoyinti elihlanganisiwe, kodwa futhi athinta umjikelezo wokushisa, izinga lokupholisa kanye nokwakheka kwesakhiwo esincane ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela.
Ithebula 1. Ithonya lamapharamitha okushisela nge-laser kumapharamitha ejiyometri echibi ngalinye lokushisela.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi amandla e-laser kanye nesivinini sokushisela yizici ezimbili eziyinhloko zenqubo ezithinta i-geometry yechibi lokushisela, njengoba kuboniswe kuThebula 1. Ngokuvamile, njengoba amandla e-laser enyuka futhi isivinini sokushisela sincipha, ukujula kwechibi lokushisela kuyanda, kuyilapho ububanzi bushintsha kancane kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amandla e-laser aphezulu akwazi ukunikeza amandla engeziwe, okuvumela izinto ukuthi zincibilike futhi ziphele ngokushesha, okuholela ezimbobeni ezijulile namachibi, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Kodwa-ke, lapho amandla e-laser ephezulu kakhulu noma isivinini sokushisela siphansi kakhulu, kungaholela ekushiseni ngokweqile kwezinto, ukuhwamuka ngokweqile, ngisho nomphumela wokuvikela i-plasma, okuzonciphisa ikhwalithi yokushisela. Ngakho-ke, enkambisweni yangempela yokushisela, kuyadingeka ukukhetha ngokufanele amandla e-laser kanye nesivinini sokushisela ngokwezici ezithile zezinto kanye nezidingo zokushisela ukuze uthole i-geometry efanelekile yechibi lokushisela.
Umfanekiso 1. Izimo ezahlukene zokushisela ezakhiwe ngokushisela kokushisa nge-laser kanye nokushisela kokungena okujulile nge-laser.
Ngaphezu kwamandla e-laser kanye nesivinini sokushisela, izakhiwo zomzimba zokushisa zezinto, isimo sobuso, igesi evikelayo nezinye izinto nazo zizoba nomthelela ku-geometry yedamu lokushisela. Isibonelo, uma ukushisela kokushisa kwezinto kuphakeme, kushesha ukudluliselwa kokushisa ngezinto, kanye nesivinini sokupholisa sedamu elincibilikisiwe, okungase kuholele kusayizi omncane wechibi elincibilikisiwe. Ubulukhuni bobuso kanye nokuhlanzeka kwezinto kuzothinta izinga lokumuncwa kwe-laser, bese kuthinta ukwakheka kanye nokuqina kwechibi elincibilikisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo kanye nesilinganiso sokugeleza kwegesi evikelayo kuzoba nomthelela othile ekubunjweni kanye nekhwalithi yechibi elincibilikisiwe, igesi evikelayo efanele ingavimbela ngempumelelo ichibi elincibilikisiwe ekungcolisweni nasekungcolisweni, kodwa futhi ingalungisa ukucindezelwa kobuso kanye nezici zokugeleza kwechibi elincibilikisiwe, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokushisela.
Umfanekiso 2. Isimo sechibi elincibilikisiwe lapho i-laser ijika.
Ngokushintsha indlela umsebe we-laser, ukuxega kwe-laser kungathinta kakhulu ukuma nezici zechibi elincibilikisiwe, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2. Njengoba umsebe we-laser uxega, ukuma kwechibi elincibilikisiwe kuba yinto efanayo futhi ezinzile. Umsebe we-laser oguquguqukayo udala indawo efudumele ebanzi ebusweni bechibi, okwenza imiphetho yechibi ibe bushelelezi futhi inciphise imiphetho ebukhali kanye nezimo ezingajwayelekile. Lokhu kushisa okufanayo kusiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zejoyinti elihlanganisiwe futhi kunciphise amaphutha okushisela njengemifantu kanye nama-pores. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukujikijela kwe-laser kungakhulisa nokugeleza kwechibi elincibilikisiwe, kukhuthaze ukukhishwa kwamagesi nokungcola echibini elincibilikisiwe, futhi kuthuthukise kakhulu ubuningi kanye nokufana kwejoyinti elihlanganisiwe.
Amandla echibi elincibilikisiwe
I-thermodynamics yedamu elincibilikisiwe ingenye insimu ebalulekile ocwaningweni lokushisela nge-laser, oluhilela ukumuncwa, ukudluliselwa kanye nokuguqulwa kwamandla e-laser echibini elincibilikisiwe, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwensimu yokushisa, izinga lokupholisa kanye nokuziphatha kokuguquka kwesigaba okubangelwa yiyo. Izici ze-thermodynamic zedamu lokushisela azigcini nje ngokunquma ukuma nobukhulu bechibi lokushisela, kodwa futhi zithinta ngqo isakhiwo esincane kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zejoyinti elincibilikisiwe.
Enkambisweni yokushisela nge-laser, ngemva kokuba amandla e-laser emuncwe yile nto, izokhiqiza indawo yokushisa ephezulu echibini lokuncibilika, okubangela ukuthi le nto incibilike futhi iphele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukushisa kuzodluliselwa kusuka esifundeni sokushisa okuphezulu kuya esifundeni sokushisa okuphansi ngokuqhutshwa kokushisa, ukuguquguquka kanye nemisebe, ukuze izinga lokushisa lezinto ezizungeze ichibi elincibilikile likhuphuke, bese lithinta isakhiwo esincane kanye nezakhiwo zezinto. Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane, i-gradient enkulu yokushisa kanye nezinga lokupholisa okusheshayo lechibi elincibilikile, kunzima kakhulu ukukala insimu yokushisa kanye nezinga lokupholisa ngqo. Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa izifundo eziningi ukuze kufundwe izakhiwo ze-thermodynamic zamachibi ancibilikile ngokusungula amamodeli ezibalo kanye nezindlela zokulingisa ngezinombolo.
Kumodeli ye-thermodynamic yechibi elincibilikisiwe, izici ezilandelayo ezibalulekile ngokuvamile kudingeka zicatshangelwe: Okokuqala, indlela yokumunca yamandla e-laser, okuhlanganisa izici zokubonakalisa, ukumunca kanye nokudlulisa ubuso bezinto, kanye nenqubo yokuhlakazeka nokumunca kwe-laser ngaphakathi kwezinto. Izinto ezahlukene kanye namapharamitha e-laser kuzoholela emazingeni ahlukene okumunca kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamandla, okuzothinta ukuziphatha kwe-thermodynamic kwechibi elincibilikisiwe. Okwesibili, izakhiwo zomzimba zokushisa zezinto, njengomthamo othize wokushisa, ukuqhuba kokushisa, ubuningi, njll., lezi pharamitha zizoshintsha ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, okunomthelela obalulekile enkambisweni yokudlulisa ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela ukugeleza koketshezi kanye nezinqubo zokushintsha kwesigaba echibini elincibilikisiwe, njengokuncibilika, ukuhwamuka kanye nokuqina, okuzoshintsha ukuma kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwensimu yokushisa kwechibi elincibilikisiwe, kodwa futhi kuthinte isakhiwo esincane kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zezinto.
Ngokusebenzisa ukulingisa ngezinombolo kanye nocwaningo lokuhlola, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwensimu yokushisa echibini elincibilikisiwe kuvame ukuveza ukungalingani okukhulu, indawo yokushisa ephezulu igxile kakhulu endaweni yesenzo se-laser kanye nembobo yokhiye, futhi izinga lokushisa liyehla kancane kancane liye emaphethelweni echibi elincibilikisiwe kanye nendawo ethintekile ekushiseni. Izinga lokupholisa liyakhula ngokuncipha kosayizi wechibi elincibilikisiwe kanye nokwanda kwebanga ukusuka endaweni ye-laser. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokupholisa liphansi maphakathi nechibi elincibilikisiwe kanye nendawo yembobo yokhiye, kuyilapho izinga lokupholisa liphezulu emaphethelweni echibi elincibilikisiwe kanye nendawo ethintekile ekushiseni, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2. Le nsimu yokushisa engalingani kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokupholisa kuzoholela ekushintsheni okusobala kwe-gradient esakhiweni esincane sejoyinti elihlanganisiwe, njengosayizi wezinhlamvu, ukwakheka kwesigaba kanye nokusatshalaliswa, okuzothinta izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwejoyinti elihlanganisiwe.
Isithombe 3. Imiphumela yokulingisa yokwakheka kwe-keyhole kanye ne-melted pool ngesikhathi sokushisela ipuleti lensimbi engagqwali nge-laser.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izici ze-thermodynamic zechibi elincibilikisiwe, kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokushisela futhi kuncishiswe amaphutha okushisela, kuphakanyiswe uchungechunge lwezindlela nezilinganiso zokwenza ngcono. Isibonelo, ngokulungisa amapharamitha e-laser, njengamandla e-laser, isivinini sokushisela, ububanzi be-spot, njll., imodi yokufaka kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-laser kungashintshwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe insimu yokushisa kanye nezinga lokupholisa kwechibi elincibilikisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuziphatha kwe-thermodynamic kanye nokuvela kwesakhiwo esincane sechibi elincibilikisiwe kungashintshwa ngokusebenzisa ukushisa kwangaphambili, ukufudumala ngemuva kokushisa, ukushisela okudlulela ngakunye kanye nezinye izindlela zenqubo, kanye nokusebenzisa amagesi ahlukene okuvikela kanye nemimoya yokushisela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha zokushisela kanye nezinhlelo ze-alloy ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kokushisa kanye nokusebenza kokushisela kwezinto nakho kungenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa izici ze-thermodynamic zamachibi ancibilikisiwe.
Izici zechibi lokushisela nge-laser ziyizici ezibalulekile ezithinta ikhwalithi yokushisela, isakhiwo esincane kanye nezakhiwo zemishini. Ucwaningo olujulile lwe-geometry kanye nezici ze-thermodynamic zechibi lokushisela nge-laser lubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ngcono inqubo yokushisela nge-laser kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yokushisela. Ngocwaningo oluningi lokuhlola kanye nokuhlaziywa kokulingisa ngezinombolo, abacwaningi bathole uchungechunge lwemiphumela ebalulekile yocwaningo, enikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kwethiyori kanye nesiqondiso sobuchwepheshe sokuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokushisela nge-laser. Kodwa-ke, kusekhona ukushiyeka ocwaningweni lwamanje, njengokwenziwa lula kwemodeli kanye nokuqagela okuningi kakhulu, kanye nokubikezela izici zechibi lokuncibilika ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi akunembile ngokwanele. Ucwaningo lokuhlola oluhlelekile noluphelele ludinga ukuthuthukiswa, futhi kukhona ukuntuleka kocwaningo olujulile ezintweni eziningi kanye nemingcele yokushisela.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-28-2025
