Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-laser additive (AM), kanye nezinzuzo zabo zokunemba okuphezulu kokukhiqiza, ukuguquguquka okuqinile, nezinga eliphakeme lokuzenzekelayo, busetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izingxenye ezibalulekile emikhakheni efana nezimoto, ezokwelashwa, i-aerospace, njll. (njenge-rocket imibhobho kaphethiloli, abakaki bezinti zesathelayithi, izimila zomuntu, njll.). Lobu buchwepheshe bungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza okuhlanganisiwe kwezingxenye eziphrintiwe ngokukhiqiza okuhlanganisiwe kwesakhiwo sezinto ezibonakalayo nokusebenza. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza okungeziwe kwe-laser ngokuvamile busebenzisa i-Gaussian beam egxilile enesikhungo esiphezulu kanye nokusabalalisa kwamandla aphansi. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile ikhiqiza ama-gradients ashisayo aphezulu ekuncibilikeni, okuholela ekwakhekeni okulandelayo kwama-pores kanye nezinhlamvu eziqinile. Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba i-Beam buyindlela entsha yokuxazulula le nkinga, ethuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuphrinta kanye nekhwalithi ngokulungisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla we-laser beam.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhipha okuvamile kanye nokukhiqiza okufanayo, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izithasiselo zensimbi bunezinzuzo ezifana nesikhathi esifushane somjikelezo wokukhiqiza, ukunemba okuphezulu kokucubungula, izinga eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa kwempahla, kanye nokusebenza okuhle kukonke kwezingxenye. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza okungeziwe kwensimbi busetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana ne-aerospace, izikhali nemishini, amandla enuzi, i-biopharmaceuticals, kanye nezimoto. Ngokusekelwe kumgomo wokunqwabelanisa okuhlukile, ukukhiqizwa kwezithako zensimbi kusebenzisa umthombo wamandla (njenge-laser, i-arc, noma i-electron beam) ukuze kuncibilike impushana noma ucingo, bese kunqwabelanisa ungqimba ngongqimba ukuze kwenziwe ingxenye eqondiwe. Lobu buchwepheshe bunezinzuzo ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni amaqoqo amancane, izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, noma izingxenye eziqondene nawe. Izinto ezingeke zibe khona noma ezinzima ukucutshungulwa kusetshenziswa amasu endabuko nazo zifanelekile ukulungiswa kusetshenziswa izindlela zokukhiqiza ezingeziwe. Ngenxa yalezi zinzuzo ezingenhla, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza okungeziwe budonse ukunaka okusabalele okuvela ezifundweni zakuleli nasemazweni angaphandle. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza okungeziwe buye bathuthuka ngokushesha. Ngenxa yokuzenzakalela kanye nokuguquguquka kwemishini yokukhiqiza izithasiselo ze-laser, kanye nezinzuzo eziphelele zokuminyana kwe-laser amandla aphezulu kanye nokunemba okuphezulu kokucubungula, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-laser additive buye bathuthukisa obushesha kakhulu phakathi kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izithasiselo zensimbi ezintathu okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla.
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza okungeza insimbi nge-laser bungabuye buhlukaniswe babe yi-LPBF ne-DED. Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa umdwebo wohlelo olujwayelekile lwezinqubo ze-LPBF ne-DED. Inqubo ye-LPBF, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Selective Laser Melting (SLM), ingakha izingxenye zensimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuskena imishayo yelaser enamandla amakhulu endleleni engashintshi phezu kombhede oyimpuphu. Khona-ke, impushana iyancibilika futhi iqinise isendlalelo ngongqimba. Inqubo ye-DED ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa izinqubo ezimbili zokunyathelisa: i-laser melting deposition kanye ne-laser wire feeding additives. Bobabili lobu buchwepheshe bungakwazi ukukhiqiza nokulungisa izingxenye zensimbi ngokuqondile ngokuphakela impushana yensimbi noma ucingo ngokuvumelanisa. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-LPBF, i-DED inokukhiqiza okuphezulu nendawo yokukhiqiza enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela ingalungisa kalula izinto eziyinhlanganisela nezinto ezisezingeni elisebenzayo. Kodwa-ke, ikhwalithi yangaphezulu yezingxenye eziphrintwe yi-DED ihlala impofu, futhi ukucubungula okulandelayo kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kobukhulu bengxenye eqondiwe.
Enqubweni yamanje yokukhiqiza okungeziwe kwe-laser, i-Gaussian beam egxilile ngokuvamile ingumthombo wamandla. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokusabalalisa kwamandla okuyingqayizivele (isikhungo esiphezulu, umkhawulo ophansi), kungenzeka ukuthi kubangele ama-gradients ashisayo aphezulu kanye nokungazinzi kwechibi elincibilikayo. Okuholela ekwenzeni ikhwalithi embi yezingxenye eziphrintiwe. Ukwengeza, uma izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo lechibi elincibilikisiwe liphezulu kakhulu, lizobangela ukuthi izakhi zensimbi ezincibilikayo zihwamuke, ziqhubekisele phambili ukungazinzi kwenqubo ye-LBPF. Ngakho-ke, ngokunyuka kwe-porosity, izakhiwo zemishini nokuphila kokukhathala kwezingxenye eziphrintiwe ziyancipha kakhulu. Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okungalingani kwemishayo ye-Gaussian nakho kuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla we-laser kanye nokumosha amandla ngokweqile. Ukuze kuzuzwe ikhwalithi engcono yokuphrinta, izazi seziqalile ukuhlola ukunxeshezelwa kokulimala kwemishayo ye-Gaussian ngokushintsha imingcele yenqubo efana namandla e-laser, isivinini sokuskena, ukujiya kongqimba lwempushana, kanye nesu lokuskena, ukuze kulawulwe ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukufaka amandla. Ngenxa yewindi elincane kakhulu lokucubungula lale ndlela, imikhawulo eqinile yomzimba ikhawulela amathuba okuthuthukisa okwengeziwe. Isibonelo, ukwandisa amandla e-laser nesivinini sokuskena kungafinyelela ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokukhiqiza, kodwa ngokuvamile kuza ngezindleko zokudela ikhwalithi yokuphrinta. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukushintsha ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-laser ngokusebenzisa amasu okubumba ugongolo kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yokunyathelisa, okungase kube inkomba yentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-laser additive. Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba i-Beam ngokuvamile bubhekisela ekulungiseni ukusatshalaliswa kwe-wavefront kwe-beam yokufaka ukuze kutholwe izici ezifiselekayo zokusabalalisa nezici zokusabalalisa. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokubumba i-beam kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza okungeza insimbi kuboniswa kuMfanekiso 2.
Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokubumba i-beam ekukhiqizeni okungeziwe kwe-laser
Ukushiyeka kokuphrinta kwe-beam yendabuko ye-Gaussian
Kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza okungeziwe kwe-laser yensimbi, ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kwe-laser beam kunomthelela omkhulu kwikhwalithi yezingxenye eziphrintiwe. Nakuba imishayo ye-Gaussian isetshenziswe kabanzi emishinini yokwenza izithasiselo zensimbi yensimbi, ihlushwa izinkinga ezinkulu njengekhwalithi yokuphrinta engazinzile, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, namafasitela enqubo emincane enqubweni yokukhiqiza okungeziwe. Phakathi kwabo, inqubo yokuncibilika kwe-powder kanye namandla echibi elincibilikisiwe ngesikhathi senqubo ye-metal laser additive ihlobene eduze nobukhulu be-powder layer. Ngenxa yobukhona be-powder splash kanye nezindawo zokuguguleka, ukushuba kwangempela kongqimba lwempushana kuphezulu kunokulindelekile kwethiyori. Okwesibili, ikholomu yesitimu yabangela ukuphaphaza okukhulu kwejethi elibuyela emuva. Umhwamuko wensimbi ushayisana nodonga olungemuva ukuze wenze ama-splash, afafazwe ngodonga lwangaphambili ngokuqondana nendawo egobile yechibi elincibilikisiwe (njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3). Ngenxa yokusebenzelana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwe-laser beam nama-splashes, ama-splash akhishiwe angathinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphrinta yezendlalelo zempushana ezilandelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwezimbobo zokhiye echibini lokuncibilika kuphinde kuthinte kakhulu izinga lezingxenye eziphrintiwe. Izimbotshana zangaphakathi zesiqeshana esiphrintiwe zibangelwa ikakhulukazi izimbobo zokukhiya ezingazinzile.
Indlela yokwakheka yeziphambeko kubuchwepheshe bokubunjwa kwe-beam
Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba i-Beam bungafinyelela ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kobukhulu obuningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuhlukile kumishayo ye-Gaussian ethuthukisa ukusebenza endaweni eyodwa ngezindleko zokudela obunye ubukhulu. Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba i-Beam bungalungisa ngokunembile ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa kanye nezici zokugeleza kwechibi elincibilikayo. Ngokulawula ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-laser, kutholakala ichibi elincibilikisiwe elizinzile eline-gradient encane yokushisa. Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kwe-laser okufanelekile kunenzuzo ekucindezelweni kokuqina kanye nokukhubazeka kokufafaza, kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yokuphrinta nge-laser ezingxenyeni zensimbi. Ingakwazi ukufeza ukuthuthukiswa okuhlukahlukene ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-powder. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuchwepheshe bokubumba i-beam busihlinzeka ngamasu amaningi okucubungula, okukhulula kakhulu inkululeko yokuklama inqubo, okuyinqubekelaphambili yenguquko kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza okungeza i-laser.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-28-2024
