Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza okungeziwe nge-laser (AM), obunezinzuzo zalo zokunemba okuphezulu kokukhiqiza, ukuguquguquka okunamandla, kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela, busetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izingxenye ezibalulekile emikhakheni efana nezimoto, ezokwelapha, izindiza, njll. (njengezimbozo zikaphethiloli we-rocket, ama-antenna brackets e-satellite, izifakelo zabantu, njll.). Lobu buchwepheshe bungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza okuhlanganisiwe kwezingxenye eziphrintiwe ngokukhiqiza okuhlanganisiwe kwesakhiwo sezinto kanye nokusebenza. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza okungeziwe nge-laser buvame ukusebenzisa umsebe we-Gaussian ogxile ngokusatshalaliswa kwamandla aphakathi nendawo kanye nomkhawulo ophansi. Kodwa-ke, buvame ukukhiqiza ama-gradients aphezulu okushisa ekuncibilikeni, okuholela ekwakhekeni okulandelayo kwama-pores kanye nokusanhlamvu okuqinile. Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba imisebe buyindlela entsha yokuxazulula le nkinga, ethuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuphrinta kanye nekhwalithi ngokulungisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla emisebe ye-laser.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhipha kwendabuko kanye nokukhiqiza okulingana, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izithasiselo zensimbi bunezinzuzo ezifana nesikhathi esifushane sokukhiqiza, ukunemba okuphezulu kokucubungula, izinga eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa kwezinto, kanye nokusebenza okuhle kwezingxenye. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izithasiselo zensimbi busetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezifana nezindiza, izikhali kanye nemishini, amandla enuzi, imithi ye-biopharmaceuticals, kanye nezimoto. Ngokusekelwe esimisweni sokufaka izitaki ezihlukene, ukukhiqiza izithasiselo zensimbi kusebenzisa umthombo wamandla (njenge-laser, i-arc, noma i-electron beam) ukuncibilikisa impuphu noma ucingo, bese uzibeka ungqimba ngengqimba ukuze kukhiqizwe ingxenye eqondiwe. Lobu buchwepheshe bunezinzuzo ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni amaqoqo amancane, izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, noma izingxenye ezenziwe ngezifiso. Izinto ezingenakukwazi noma ezinzima ukuzicubungula kusetshenziswa amasu endabuko nazo zifanelekile ukulungiselela kusetshenziswa izindlela zokukhiqiza izithasiselo. Ngenxa yezinzuzo ezingenhla, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izithasiselo budonsele ukunaka okubanzi kusuka kososayensi ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izithasiselo buthuthuke ngokushesha. Ngenxa yokwenza okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokuguquguquka kwemishini yokukhiqiza izithasiselo ze-laser, kanye nezinzuzo eziphelele zobuningi bamandla e-laser aphezulu kanye nokunemba okuphezulu kokucubungula, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izithasiselo ze-laser buthuthukise ubuchwepheshe obushesha kakhulu phakathi kwezindlela ezintathu zokukhiqiza izithasiselo zensimbi okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla.
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izithasiselo zensimbi ye-laser bungahlukaniswa kabanzi nge-LPBF kanye ne-DED. Isithombe 1 sibonisa umdwebo ojwayelekile wesimiso sezinqubo ze-LPBF kanye ne-DED. Inqubo ye-LPBF, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Selective Laser Melting (SLM), ingakhiqiza izingxenye zensimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuskena imishayo ye-laser enamandla aphezulu endleleni eqondile ebusweni bombhede wempuphu. Ngemuva kwalokho, impuphu iyancibilika futhi iqinise ungqimba ngengqimba. Inqubo ye-DED ifaka phakathi izinqubo ezimbili zokuphrinta: ukufakwa kokuncibilika kwe-laser kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezithasiselo zokudla ngentambo ye-laser. Zombili lezi zobuchwepheshe zingakhiqiza futhi zilungise izingxenye zensimbi ngokuqondile ngokuphakela impuphu yensimbi noma ucingo ngendlela efanayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-LPBF, i-DED inomkhiqizo ophezulu kanye nendawo enkulu yokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela ingalungisa kalula izinto ezihlanganisiwe kanye nezinto ezihlelwe ngendlela efanele. Kodwa-ke, ikhwalithi yobuso bezingxenye eziphrintiwe yi-DED ihlala imbi, futhi ukucubungula okulandelayo kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kobukhulu bengxenye eqondiwe.
Enkambisweni yokukhiqiza ye-laser additive yamanje, i-Gaussian beam egxile ngokuvamile ingumthombo wamandla. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwayo kwamandla okuhlukile (isikhungo esiphakeme, umkhawulo ophansi), kungenzeka ukuthi ibangele ama-gradient aphezulu okushisa kanye nokungazinzi kwechibi lokuncibilika. Okubangela ikhwalithi embi yokwakha izingxenye eziphrintiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kwechibi elincibilikisiwe liphezulu kakhulu, lizobangela ukuthi izakhi zensimbi eziphansi zokuncibilika zishise, okwandisa kakhulu ukungazinzi kwenqubo ye-LBP. Ngakho-ke, ngokwanda kwe-porosity, izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokuphila kokukhathala kwezingxenye eziphrintiwe kunciphisa kakhulu. Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okungalingani kwemishayo ye-Gaussian kuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla e-laser okuphansi kanye nokuchitha amandla ngokweqile. Ukuze kufezwe ikhwalithi engcono yokuphrinta, izazi seziqalile ukuhlola ukunxephezela amaphutha emishayo ye-Gaussian ngokushintsha amapharamitha enqubo njengamandla e-laser, isivinini sokuskena, ukujiya kwengqimba yempuphu, kanye nesu lokuskena, ukuze kulawulwe amathuba okufakwa kwamandla. Ngenxa yefasitela elincane kakhulu lokucubungula lale ndlela, imikhawulo eqondile yomzimba ikhawulela amathuba okwenza ngcono okwengeziwe. Isibonelo, ukwandisa amandla e-laser kanye nesivinini sokuskena kungafinyelela ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokukhiqiza, kodwa kuvame ukubangela ukulahlekelwa kwekhwalithi yokuphrinta. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukushintsha ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-laser ngokusebenzisa amasu okwakha imisebe kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yokuphrinta, okungaba yisiqondiso sentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo sobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza okungeziwe kwe-laser. Ubuchwepheshe bokwakha imisebe ngokuvamile bubhekisela ekulungiseni ukusatshalaliswa kwe-wavefront yomsebe wokufaka ukuze kutholakale ukusatshalaliswa kokuqina okufiselekayo kanye nezici zokusabalalisa. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokwakha imisebe kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza okungeziwe kwensimbi kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.
Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokubumba imisebe ekukhiqizeni okungeziwe nge-laser
Ukushiyeka kokunyathelisa ngomsebe wendabuko weGaussian
Kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izithasiselo ze-laser yensimbi, ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kogongolo lwe-laser kunomthelela omkhulu ekhwalithini yezingxenye eziphrintiwe. Nakuba imishayo ye-Gaussian isetshenziswe kabanzi emishinini yokukhiqiza izithasiselo ze-laser yensimbi, ihlushwa izinkinga ezinkulu ezifana nekhwalithi yokuphrinta engazinzile, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, kanye namafasitela enqubo amancane enkambisweni yokukhiqiza izithasiselo. Phakathi kwazo, inqubo yokuncibilika kogongolo kanye nokuguquguquka kwechibi elincibilikisiwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokwengeza i-laser yensimbi kuhlobene kakhulu nobukhulu besendlalelo se-powder. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwezindawo zokuchitheka kogongolo kanye nokuguguleka, ubukhulu bangempela besendlalelo se-powder buphakeme kunokulindelekile kwethiyori. Okwesibili, ikholomu yesitimu ibangele ukuchitheka okukhulu kwe-jet emuva. Umhwamuko wensimbi ushayisana nodonga lwangemuva ukuze kwakheke ama-splashes, afuthwa odongeni lwangaphambili aqonde endaweni egobile yechibi elincibilikisiwe (njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3). Ngenxa yokusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kogongolo lwe-laser nama-splashes, ama-splashes akhishwayo angathinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphrinta yezendlalelo ze-powder ezilandelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwama-keyholes echibini elincibilikisiwe nakho kuthinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yezingxenye eziphrintiwe. Izimbobo zangaphakathi zento ephrintiwe zibangelwa kakhulu yizimbobo ezikhiywayo ezingazinzile.
Indlela yokwakheka kwamaphutha kubuchwepheshe bokubumba imisebe
Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba imisebe bungafinyelela ukuthuthuka kokusebenza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ngasikhathi sinye, okuhlukile emisebeni ye-Gaussian ethuthukisa ukusebenza ngobukhulu obuthile ngezindleko zokudela obunye ubukhulu. Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba imisebe bungalungisa ngokunembile ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa kanye nezici zokugeleza kwechibi lokuncibilika. Ngokulawula ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-laser, kutholakala ichibi elincibilikile elizinzile eline-gradient encane yokushisa. Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-laser okufanele kuyazuzisa ekucindezeleni ama-porosity kanye namaphutha okuchitheka, kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokunyathelisa nge-laser ezingxenyeni zensimbi. Kungafeza ukuthuthuka okuhlukahlukene ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwempuphu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuchwepheshe bokubumba imisebe businikeza amasu amaningi okucubungula, okukhulula kakhulu inkululeko yokuklama inqubo, okuyintuthuko eguqukayo kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obungeziwe be-laser.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-28-2024
