Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokushisela obusebenzisa i-laser-arc hybrid obunamandla amakhulu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ebalulekile

01 Ukushisela okuhlanganisiwe kwe-laser-arc hybrid plate ejiyile

Ukushisela ipuleti elijiyile (ukujiya okungu-≥ 20mm) kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwemishini emikhulu emikhakheni ebalulekile njengezindiza, ukuhamba ngemikhumbi kanye nokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi, ukuthuthwa kwezitimela, njll. Lezi zingxenye zivame ukubonakala ngobukhulu obukhulu, amafomu ahlangene ayinkimbinkimbi, kanye nezindawo zesevisi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ikhwalithi yokushisela inomthelela oqondile ekusebenzeni nasekuphileni kwemishini. Ngenxa yesivinini sokushisela esihamba kancane kanye nezinkinga ezinkulu zokuchitheka, indlela yokushisela yendabuko evikelwe ngegesi ibhekene nezinselele ezifana nokusebenza kahle kokushisela okuphansi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, kanye nokucindezeleka okukhulu okusele, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza ezikhula njalo. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe bokushisela obuhlanganisiwe be-laser-arc buhlukile kubuchwepheshe bokushisela bendabuko. Buhlanganisa ngempumelelo izinzuzoukushisela nge-laserkanye nokushisela kwe-arc, futhi kunezici zokujula okukhulu kokungena, isivinini sokushisela esisheshayo, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi engcono yokushisela, njengoba kuboniswe kuMboniso 1. Ngakho-ke, lobu buchwepheshe budonsele ukunaka kabanzi futhi sebuqalile ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izindawo ezibalulekile.

Umfanekiso 1 Isimiso sokushisela i-hybrid ye-laser-arc

02Ucwaningo mayelana nokushisela amapuleti aqinile nge-laser-arc hybrid

I-Norwegian Institute of Industrial Technology kanye neLule University of Technology eSweden bafunde ukufana kwesakhiwo samajoyinti ahlanganisiwe angaphansi kuka-15kW ngensimbi enamandla aphansi axutshwe ngo-45mm ubukhulu. I-Osaka University kanye ne-Central Metallurgical Research Institute yaseGibhithe basebenzise i-laser yefayibha engu-20kW ukwenza ucwaningo ngenqubo yokushisela ye-hybrid ye-laser-arc hybrid yamapuleti amakhulu (25mm), besebenzisa i-bottom liner ukuxazulula inkinga ye-bottom hump. I-Danish Force Technology Company isebenzise ama-laser amabili e-disk angu-16 kW ochungechungeni ukwenza ucwaningo ngokushisela kwe-hybrid kwamapuleti ensimbi angu-40mm ubukhulu ku-32 kW, okubonisa ukuthi ukushisela kwe-laser-arc enamandla aphezulu kulindeleke ukuthi kusetshenziswe ekushiseni kwesisekelo sombhoshongo womoya ongaphandle, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2. I-Harbin Welding Co., Ltd. ingowokuqala ezweni ukuba yingcweti kubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganiswa kwemishini yokushisela kwe-high-power solid laser-melting electrode arc hybrid heat source welding. Kungokokuqala ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo ubuchwepheshe be-electrode yokushisela ye-arc hybrid arc enamandla amakhulu kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza emishinini esezingeni eliphezulu ezweni lakithi.

Umfanekiso 2. Umdwebo wokwakheka kokufakwa kwe-laser

Ngokwesimo socwaningo lwamanje sokushiswa kwe-laser-arc hybrid kwamapuleti amakhulu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, kungabonakala ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwendlela yokushiswa kwe-laser-arc hybrid kanye nomsele omncane wegebe kungafeza ukushiswa kwamapuleti amakhulu. Lapho amandla e-laser enyuka abe ngaphezu kwama-watts ayi-10,000, ngaphansi kokushiswa kwe-laser enamandla aphezulu, ukuziphatha kokuhwamuka kwezinto, inqubo yokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-laser ne-plasma, isimo esizinzile sokugeleza kwechibi elincibilikisiwe, indlela yokudlulisa ukushisa, kanye nokuziphatha kwensimbi kwe-weld Izinguquko zizokwenzeka ngamazinga ahlukahlukene. Njengoba amandla enyuka abe ngaphezu kwama-watts ayi-10,000, ukwanda kobuningi bamandla kuzokhulisa izinga lokuhwamuka endaweni eseduze nomgodi omncane, futhi amandla okubuya azothinta ngqo ukuzinza komgodi omncane kanye nokugeleza kwechibi elincibilikisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte inqubo yokushiswa. Izinguquko zinomthelela ongelutho ekusetshenzisweni kwe-laser kanye nezinqubo zayo zokushiswa ezihlanganisiwe. Lezi zimo eziphawulekayo enqubweni yokushiswa zibonisa ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ukuzinza kwenqubo yokushiswa ngezinga elithile, futhi zinganquma ngisho nekhwalithi yokushiswa. Umphumela wokuxhumanisa wemithombo emibili yokushisa ye-laser ne-arc ungenza imithombo emibili yokushisa inikeze ukudlala okugcwele ezicini zayo futhi ithole imiphumela engcono yokushisela kune-single laser welding kanye ne-arc welding. Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela yokushisela ye-laser autogenous, le ndlela yokushisela inezinzuzo zokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwegebe eliqinile kanye nobukhulu obukhulu obungashiselwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela yokushisela ye-laser yegebe elincane yamapuleti aminyene, inezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle kokuncibilika kwentambo ephezulu kanye nomphumela omuhle wokuhlanganiswa kwe-groove. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhanga kwe-laser ku-arc kuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwe-arc, okwenza ukushisela kwe-laser-arc hybrid kusheshe kunokushisela kwe-arc yendabuko kanyeukushisela ucingo lokugcwalisa nge-laser, ngokusebenza kahle kokushisela okuphezulu.

03 Isicelo sokushisela se-hybrid se-laser-arc enamandla aphezulu

Ubuchwepheshe bokushisela i-laser-arc hybrid obunamandla aphezulu busetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokwakha imikhumbi. I-Meyer Shipyard eJalimane isungule umugqa wokukhiqiza ukushisela i-laser-arc hybrid engu-12kW CO2 yamapuleti ayisicaba kanye nezinti zokuqinisa ukuze kufezwe ukwakheka kokushisela kwe-fillet okungamamitha angu-20 ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi kuncishiswe izinga lokuguquguquka ngo-2/3. I-GE ithuthukise uhlelo lokushisela lwe-fiber laser-arc hybrid olunamandla aphezulu okukhipha angu-20kW ukuze lushisele i-USS Saratoga aircraft carrier, lusindise amathani angu-800 ensimbi yokushisela futhi lunciphise amahora okusebenza ngo-80%, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. I-CSSC 725 isebenzisa uhlelo lokushisela lwe-laser-arc hybrid olunamandla aphezulu angu-20kW, olunganciphisa ukuguqulwa kokushisela ngo-60% futhi lukhulise ukusebenza kahle kokushisela ngo-300%. I-Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipyard isebenzisa uhlelo lokushisela lwe-laser-arc hybrid olunamandla aphezulu angu-16kW. Umugqa wokukhiqiza usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha benqubo yokushisela nge-laser hybrid + MAG ukuze kufezwe ukushisela nge-single-pass single-side kanye nokwakheka kwezinhlangothi ezimbili kwamapuleti ensimbi anobukhulu obungu-4-25mm. Ubuchwepheshe bokushisela nge-laser-arc hybrid obunamandla aphezulu busetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni ezihlomile. Izici zalo zokushisela yilezi: ukushisela izakhiwo zensimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinkulu, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nokukhiqizwa okusebenzayo kakhulu.

Isithombe 3. Isithuthi sezindiza i-USS Sara Toga

Ubuchwepheshe bokushisela i-laser-arc hybrid obunamandla amakhulu busetshenziswe ekuqaleni kwezinye izinkambu zezimboni futhi buzoba yindlela ebalulekile yokukhiqiza kahle izakhiwo ezinkulu ezinobukhulu obuphakathi nobukhulu bodonga. Njengamanje, kukhona ukuntuleka kocwaningo mayelana nendlela yokushisela i-laser-arc hybrid enamandla amakhulu, okudinga ukuqiniswa kakhulu, njengokuxhumana phakathi kwe-photoplasma ne-arc kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-arc ne-pool encibilikisiwe. Kusenezinkinga eziningi ezingaxazululwa enkambisweni yokushisela i-laser-arc hybrid enamandla amakhulu, njengefasitela lenqubo elincane, izakhiwo ezingalingani zemishini zesakhiwo sokushisela, kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokushisela okuyinkimbinkimbi. Njengoba amandla okukhipha ama-laser ebanga lezimboni enyuka kancane kancane, ubuchwepheshe bokushisela i-laser-arc hybrid obunamandla amakhulu buzothuthuka ngokushesha, futhi ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokushisela i-laser hybrid obusha buzoqhubeka nokuvela. Ukwenziwa kwendawo, ubukhulu kanye nokuhlakanipha kuzoba yizindlela ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemishini yokushisela i-laser enamandla amakhulu esikhathini esizayo.