Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Laser Embonini
Isingeniso: Kusukela yasungulwa ngawo-1960, ubuchwepheshe be-laser bushintshe ngokushesha baba ithuluzi elibalulekile ekukhiqizeni kwezimboni, ngenxa yobuningi bayo bamandla aphezulu, ukuqondiswa okuhle kakhulu kanye nokulawulwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko zokucubungula imishini, ukucubungula nge-laser kunezinzuzo ezihlukile njengokusebenza okungathintani, ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela okuphezulu, futhi kusetshenziswa kabanzi ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza zezimboni okuhlanganisa ukusika izinto, ukushisela, ukumaka, ukubhoboza kanye nokukhiqiza okungeziwe. Ngokusekelwe ezinhlotsheni ze-laser kanye nezici zazo zenqubo, ukucubungula nge-laser yezimboni kuhlukaniswe kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezintathu: ukusika nge-laser, ukushisela nge-laser kanye nokukhiqiza okungeziwe nge-laser, ngayinye inezindlela zokusebenza ezihlukile kanye nezikophu zohlelo lokusebenza.
Ukusika Nge-Laser
Ukusika nge-laser kungenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-laser zezimboni ezivuthiwe kakhulu. Isebenzisa imisebe ye-laser enamandla amakhulu ukuncibilikisa nokufutha izinto, futhi ibambisana namagesi asekelayo ukuqeda i-slag encibilikisiwe, ifinyelele ukusika okusebenzayo nokunembile. Njengamanje, ama-laser e-CO₂ nama-laser e-fiber ayimishini evamile, afanelekela ukusika amapuleti aphakathi naphakathi nancane ensimbi yekhabhoni, insimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium alloy nezinye izinto. Lobu buchwepheshe bubonakala nge-kerf encane, indawo encane ethintekile ekushiseni, asikho isidingo sokubumba kanye nokushintsha okusheshayo kwezindlela zokucubungula, okwenza kube kusebenza kakhulu ezimbonini ezifunwa kakhulu njengokukhiqiza izimoto, ukucubungula insimbi yeshidi kanye nezindiza.
(1) Ekwenzeni izimoto, ukusika nge-laser kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezahlukahlukene kusukela kumaphaneli omzimba kuya ezinjinini. Isibonelo, ama-fiber laser asetshenziswa ekusikeni izingxenye zensimbi ezinamandla aphezulu ngokunemba okuphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe ukwakheka okulula kwezimoto.
(2) Imboni yezindiza nayo iyazuza ngobuchwepheshe bokusika nge-laser, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kwezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ezenziwe ngezinto ezithuthukisiwe ezifana ne-titanium nezinto ezihlanganisiwe. Isibonelo, ama-laser ashesha kakhulu angasetshenziswa ukusika izingxenye ze-titanium alloy ezibunjwe ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi ngenkathi kunciphisa umonakalo wokushisa, kuqinisekisa ubuqotho besakhiwo sezingxenye futhi kuthuthukiswe kakhulu ukusebenza nokuphepha kwezingxenye zezindiza.
Ukushisela nge-laser
Ukushisela nge-laser kufeza ukuhlangana kwezinto ngokusebenzisa imisebe ye-laser ukuncibilikisa ngokushesha izinto zensimbi, okubandakanya ukungena okujulile, isivinini esikhulu kanye nokufakwa kokushisa okuphansi. Izindlela ezivamile zokushisela zifaka phakathi ukushisela nge-laser okuqhubekayo kanye nokushisela nge-laser okushukunyiswayo, okufanelekela ukushisela ngokunemba kwamapuleti amancane kanye nezimo zokushisela ngokujulile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisela nge-arc, ukushisela nge-laser kukhiqiza ukushisela okunamandla aphezulu kanye nokuguquguquka okuncane, futhi kusebenza ezinkambeni ezifana nokupakishwa kwebhethri lamandla, ukushisela izingxenye zensimbi engagqwali kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zesakhiwo samandla enuzi. Ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kwebhethri, ukushisela nge-laser sekuyindlela yokuxhuma eyinhloko.
(1) Embonini yezimoto, ukushisela nge-laser kusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa amaphaneli omzimba, izingxenye zenjini nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile. Isibonelo, ama-fiber laser asetshenziswa ekushiseleni ngokunemba okuphezulu izingxenye zensimbi ezinamandla aphezulu, okwenza amalunga aqinile futhi aqine.
(2) Embonini ye-elekthronikhi, ukushisela nge-laser kusetshenziswa ekuxhumekeni okunembe kakhulu kwezingxenye ezincane nezibucayi. Isibonelo, ama-laser e-diode asetshenziselwa ukushisela amaseli ebhethri kumabhethri e-lithium-ion, okuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokuxhumeka kukagesi.
(3) Embonini yezindiza, i-Boeing 787 Dreamliner isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokushisela nge-laser ukuze ihlanganise ama-titanium alloys nezinto ezihlanganisiwe, okunciphisa kakhulu inani lama-rivets, kwehlisa isisindo se-fuselage futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli.
Ukukhiqiza Okungeziwe Kwe-Laser
Ukukhiqizwa kwezengezo ze-laser (okungukuthi ukuphrinta kwe-laser 3D) kufeza ukufakwa kwezendlalelo ngezendlalelo kwezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuncibilikisa ufulawa noma izinto zensimbi ungqimba ngezendlalelo, okumelela ukuguqulwa kwezindlela zokukhiqiza kusukela "ekukhiqizeni okususayo" kuya "ekukhiqizeni okungeziwe".Izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezisekelwe ku-laser, njengokuncibilikisa i-laser ekhethiwe (i-SLM) kanye nokufakwa kwensimbi ngqo (i-DMD), kuyakwazi ukukhiqiza izingxenye zensimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokunemba okuphezulu kanye namandla aphezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokucubungula kwendabuko, ukukhiqizwa kwe-laser okungeziwe kungafeza ukwakheka okuhlanganisiwe kanye nomklamo olula wezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngenkathi kugcinwa amandla ezinto ezibonakalayo.
(1) Ekwenziweni kwezimoto, izingxenye ze-titanium alloy zezimoto zomjaho ze-Ferrari F1 zenziwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obungeziwe be-laser, obuthuthukisa ukumelana nokushisa kanye namandla ezingxenye futhi buthuthukise ukwakheka kwe-aerodynamic kwezimoto zomjaho.
(2) Embonini yezokwelapha, ukukhiqizwa kwezithasiselo ezisekelwe ku-laser kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izifakelo kanye nezinsimbi zokufakelwa ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.
(3) Embonini yezindiza, ukukhiqizwa kwezithasiselo ezisekelwe ku-laser kusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi njengezinsika ze-turbine kanye nama-nozzle kaphethiloli.
Isiphetho
Njengensika ebalulekile yokukhiqiza okuthuthukile, ubuchwepheshe be-laser buhlala bukhulisa imingcele yabo yezicelo zezimboni. Njengamanje, ukucutshungulwa kwe-laser nakho kuthuthukela emandleni aphezulu, ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinqubo eziningi, njengokuthiukushisela okuhlanganisiwe kwe-laser-arc, i-laser micromachining esheshayo kakhulu kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha ezihlakaniphile ze-laser. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwama-laser e-semiconductor anamandla aphezulu, izinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile kanye nemibono yokukhiqiza eluhlaza, ukucutshungulwa kwe-laser kuzoqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni efana nokukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile, imikhiqizo eyenzelwe wena kanye nokucutshungulwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ngokweqile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-07-2026
