Ukushisela nge-laserkungafezwa ngokusebenzisa imisebe ye-laser eqhubekayo noma evunguzayo. Izimiso ze-ukushisela nge-laseringahlukaniswa ngokushisela kokushisa kanye nokushisela kokungena okujulile nge-laser. Uma ubukhulu bamandla bungaphansi kuka-104 ~ 105 W/cm2, kushisela kokushisa. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukujula kokungena akujulile futhi ijubane lokushisela lihamba kancane; lapho ubukhulu bamandla bungaphezu kuka-105 ~ 107 W/cm2, ubuso bensimbi bugobekile baba “izimbobo” ngenxa yokushisa, kwakha ukushisela kokungena okujulile, okunezici zesivinini sokushisela esisheshayo kanye nesilinganiso esikhulu sesici. Umgomo wokuqhuba ukushisaukushisela nge-laseryilokhu: imisebe ye-laser ishisa ubuso obuzocutshungulwa, futhi ukushisa kobuso kuyasakazeka ngaphakathi ngokusebenzisa ukuqhutshwa kokushisa. Ngokulawula amapharamitha e-laser njengobubanzi be-laser pulse, amandla, amandla aphezulu, kanye nemvamisa yokuphindaphinda, umsebenzi uyancibilikiswa ukuze kwakhiwe ichibi elithile elincibilikisiwe.
Ukushisela okujulile kwe-laser ngokuvamile kusebenzisa umsebe we-laser oqhubekayo ukuqedela ukuxhumeka kwezinto. Inqubo yayo yemvelo ye-metallurgical ifana kakhulu neyokushisela umsebe we-electron, okungukuthi, indlela yokuguqula amandla iqedwa ngesakhiwo "se-key-hole".
Ngaphansi kokushiswa ngemisebe ye-laser enamandla aphezulu ngokwanele, izinto ziyahwamuka bese kwakheka imigodi emincane. Lo mgodi omncane ogcwele umusi ufana nomzimba omnyama, umunca cishe wonke amandla ogongolo lwengozi. Izinga lokushisa lokulingana emgodini lifinyelela cishe ku-2500°C. Ukushisa kudluliselwa kusuka odongeni lwangaphandle lomgodi oshisa kakhulu, okwenza insimbi ezungeze umgodi incibilike. Umgodi omncane ugcwele umusi oshisa kakhulu okhiqizwa ukuhwamuka okuqhubekayo kwezinto zodonga ngaphansi kokukhanya kogongolo. Izindonga zomgodi omncane zizungezwe insimbi encibilikisiwe, kanti insimbi ewuketshezi izungezwe izinto eziqinile (ezinqubweni eziningi zokushisela ezivamile kanye nokushisela kokuqhuba nge-laser, amandla afakwa kuqala ebusweni bomsebenzi bese ethuthwa ayiswe ngaphakathi ngokudluliselwa). Ukugeleza koketshezi ngaphandle kodonga lomgodi kanye nokucindezeleka kobuso bengqimba yodonga kusesigabeni sokucindezela komusi okuqhubekayo emgodini womgodi futhi kugcina ibhalansi enamandla. Ugongolo lokukhanya luqhubeka lungena emgodini omncane, futhi izinto ezingaphandle komgodi omncane ziqhubeka zigeleza. Njengoba ugongolo lokukhanya luhamba, umgodi omncane uhlala usesimweni sokugeleza esizinzile.
Okusho ukuthi, imbobo encane kanye nensimbi encibilikisiwe ezungeze udonga lwembobo kuya phambili ngesivinini sangaphambili somsebe wokuhlola. Insimbi encibilikisiwe igcwalisa igebe elisele ngemva kokuba imbobo encane isusiwe futhi iqina ngokufanele, bese kwakheka i-weld. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha kangangokuthi isivinini sokushisela singafinyelela kalula amamitha amaningana ngomzuzu.
Ngemva kokuqonda imiqondo eyisisekelo yobuningi bamandla, ukushisela ukuhanjiswa kokushisa, kanye nokushisela okujulile, ngokulandelayo sizokwenza ukuhlaziywa okuqhathanisayo kobuningi bamandla kanye nezigaba ze-metallographic zamadayamitha ahlukene ayinhloko.
Ukuqhathaniswa kokuhlolwa kokushisela okusekelwe kububanzi obuvamile be-laser core emakethe:
Ubuningi bamandla bendawo egxile yama-laser anobubanzi obuhlukene bomgogodla
Ngokombono wobuningi bamandla, ngaphansi kwamandla afanayo, ububanzi obuphakathi buncane, ukukhanya kwe-laser kuyanda futhi amandla agxile kakhulu. Uma i-laser iqhathaniswa nommese obukhali, ububanzi obuphakathi buncane, i-laser ibukhali kakhulu. Ubuningi bamandla be-laser yobubanzi obuphakathi obuyi-14um bungaphezu kokuphindwe ka-50 kunobubanzi be-laser yobubanzi obuphakathi obuyi-100um, futhi ikhono lokucubungula linamandla kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuningi bamandla obubalwe lapha bumane buyisilinganiso esilula sobuningi. Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kwangempela kuwukusabalalisa okulinganiselwe kwe-Gaussian, futhi amandla aphakathi azoba izikhathi eziningana kunobukhulu bamandla obuphakathi.
Umdwebo weskimu wokusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-laser ngamadayamitha ahlukene ayinhloko
Umbala womdwebo wokusabalalisa amandla uwukusabalala kwamandla. Uma umbala ubomvu kakhulu, kulapho amandla aphezulu khona. Amandla abomvu yindawo lapho amandla egxilile khona. Ngokusabalala kwamandla e-laser kwemisebe ye-laser enobubanzi obuhlukene obuphakathi, kungabonakala ukuthi ingaphambili lomsebe we-laser alibukhali futhi umsebe we-laser ubukhali. Uma uncane, amandla agxilile kakhulu endaweni eyodwa, abukhali kakhulu futhi ikhono lawo lokungena liqine kakhulu.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwemiphumela yokushisela yama-laser anobubanzi obuhlukene bomgogodla
Ukuqhathaniswa kwama-laser anama-diameter ahlukene ayinhloko:
(1) Ukuhlolwa kusebenzisa isivinini esingu-150mm/s, ukushisela indawo yokugxila, futhi impahla iyi-aluminium yochungechunge olulodwa, ubukhulu obungu-2mm;
(2) Uma ububanzi bomgogodla bukhulu, ububanzi bokuncibilika bukhulu, indawo ethintekile ekushiseni inkulu, futhi ubukhulu bamandla eyunithi buncane. Uma ububanzi bomgogodla budlula u-200um, akulula ukufinyelela ukujula kokungena kuma-alloy asabela kakhulu njenge-aluminium nethusi, futhi ukushisela okuphezulu kokungena okujulile kungatholakala kuphela ngamandla aphezulu;
(3) Ama-laser amancane anobukhulu obuphezulu bamandla futhi angabhoboza ngokushesha izimbobo zokhiye ebusweni bezinto ezisebenzisa amandla aphezulu nezindawo ezincane ezithintekile ekushiseni. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuso be-weld buyagubha, futhi amathuba okuwa kwe-keyhole aphezulu ngesikhathi sokushisela ngesivinini esiphansi, futhi imbobo yokhiye ivaliwe ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokushisela. Umjikelezo mude, futhi amaphutha afana namaphutha nama-pores avame ukwenzeka. Ifanele ukucubungula noma ukucubungula ngesivinini esikhulu nge-swing trajectory;
(4) Ama-laser amakhulu anobubanzi obukhulu anezindawo zokukhanya ezinkulu kanye namandla asakazeke kakhulu, okwenza afaneleke kakhulu ekuncibilikisweni kabusha kwe-laser surface, ukumbozwa, ukuncibilikiswa kanye nezinye izinqubo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-06-2023
