Njengomthwali wezinye izingxenye zemoto, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bomzimba wemoto bunquma ngqo ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza iyonke yemoto. Enkambisweni yokukhiqiza umzimba wemoto, ukushisela kuyinqubo ebalulekile yokukhiqiza. Ubuchwepheshe bokushisela obusetshenziswa njengamanje ekushiseleni umzimba wemoto buhlanganisa ukushisela kwe-resistance spot, ukushisela kwe-metallic inert gas shielded (MIG welding) kanye nokushisela kwe-arc shielded gas shielded (MAG welding) kanye nokushisela kwe-laser.
Njengobuchwepheshe bokushisela obuthuthukisiwe obunokuhlanganiswa kwe-optical-mechanical, ubuchwepheshe bokushisela nge-laser bunezinzuzo zamandla aphezulu, isivinini sokushisela esisheshayo, ukucindezeleka okuphansi kokushisela kanye nokuguquguquka, kanye nokuguquguquka okuhle uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bendabuko bokushisela umzimba wemoto.
Isakhiwo somzimba wemoto siyinkimbinkimbi, futhi izingxenye zomzimba ngokuyinhloko ziyizingxenye ezinezindonga ezincane nezigobile. Ukushisela umzimba okuzenzakalelayo kubhekene nobunzima bokushisela njengokwehlukahluka kwezinto zomzimba, ukujiya okuhlukahlukene kwezingxenye zomzimba, izindlela zokushisela ezahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlobo zamalunga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushisela umzimba wezimoto kunezidingo eziphezulu zekhwalithi yokushisela kanye nokusebenza kahle kokushisela.
Ngokusekelwe kumapharamitha enqubo yokushisela afanele, ukushisela nge-laser kungaqinisekisa amandla aphezulu okukhathala kanye nokuqina komthelela wezingxenye zomzimba ezibalulekile lapho kushiselwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi kanye nokuphila kwenkonzo yokushisela umzimba. Ubuchwepheshe bokushisela nge-laser bungazivumelanisa nokushisela izingxenye zomzimba ezizenzakalelayo ezinezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalunga, ubukhulu obuhlukene kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto, kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo sokuguquguquka ekukhiqizweni kwemizimba yezimoto. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe bokushisela nge-laser buyindlela ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe yokufeza intuthuko esezingeni eliphezulu embonini yezimoto.
Inqubo yokushisela nge-laser yemizimba yezimoto
Isimiso senqubo yokushisela i-laser deep fusion: Lapho ubukhulu bamandla e-laser bufika ezingeni elithile, ubuso bezinto ezibonakalayo buyahwamuka, ngaleyo ndlela kwakha imbobo yokhiye. Lapho ingcindezi yomhwamuko wensimbi ngaphakathi kwembobo ifinyelela ukulingana okuguquguqukayo ngengcindezi engaguquki kanye nokucindezeleka kobuso boketshezi oluzungezile, i-laser ingakhipha imisebe ngembobo yokhiye iye phansi kwembobo, futhi ngokuhamba komsebe we-laser, kwakheka i-weld eqhubekayo. Enqubweni yokushisela i-laser deep fusion, asikho isidingo sokwengeza i-flux noma i-filler eyisizayo ukuze kushiselwe izinto zomsebenzi zibe yinye.
Umthungo wokushisela otholwe ngokushisela okujulile kwe-laser ngokuvamile ubushelelezi futhi uqondile futhi une-deformation encane, okusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukunemba kokukhiqiza komzimba wemoto. Amandla okunamathela kwe-weld aphezulu, okuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokushisela yomzimba wemoto. Ijubane lokushisela liyashesha, okusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokushisela.
Enqubweni yokushisela umzimba ozenzakalelayo, ukusetshenziswa kwenqubo yokushisela ye-laser deep fusion kunganciphisa kakhulu inani lezingxenye, isikhunta kanye namathuluzi okushisela, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe isisindo esifile somzimba kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokushisela ye-laser deep fusion ayibekezeleli kakhulu isikhala sokuhlangana sezingxenye ezizoshiselwa, futhi isikhala sokuhlangana sidinga ukulawulwa phakathi kuka-0.05 no-2 mm. Uma isikhala sokuhlangana sikhulu kakhulu, kuzovela amaphutha okushisela njenge-porosity.
Ucwaningo lwamanje lubonisa ukuthi ekushiseni umzimba we-auto wezinto ezifanayo, ngokwenza ngcono amapharamitha enqubo yokushiseni okujulile kwe-laser, kungenzeka ukuthola i-weld enokwakheka okuhle kobuso, amaphutha ambalwa angaphakathi kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini. Izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini ze-weld zingahlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ezishiselwe umzimba we-auto. Kodwa-ke, ekushiseni umzimba we-auto, insimbi ye-aluminium alloy njengommeleli wenqubo yokushiseni okujulile kwe-laser metal engalingani ayivuthiwe, yize ngokungeza ungqimba lokuguquka kungathola ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-weld, kodwa izinto ezihlukile zengqimba lokuguquka ku-IMC layer influence mechanism kanye nomphumela wayo esakhiweni esincane se-weld mechanism azicacile, zidinga ucwaningo olujulile olwengeziwe.
Inqubo Yokushisela I-Auto Body Laser Wire Filling
Inqubo yokushisela i-laser filler isekelwe kulesi simiso esilandelayo: Ijoyinti elishiselwe lakhiwa ngokugcwalisa i-weld kusengaphambili ngentambo ethile noma ngokuphakela intambo ngesikhathi esisodwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela i-laser. Lokhu kufana nokufaka inani elifanayo lezinto zentambo echibini lokushisela ngesikhathi sokushisela i-laser deep fusion. Umdwebo ongezansi ukhombisa inqubo yokushisela i-laser filler.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisela okujulile kwe-laser fusion, ukushisela okugcwele i-laser kunezinzuzo ezimbili ekushiseleni umzimba ozenzakalelayo: okokuqala, kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukubekezelelana kwegebe lokuhlangana phakathi kwezingxenye zomzimba ezizenzakalelayo okufanele zishiselelwe futhi kuxazulule inkinga yesidingo segebe eliphezulu le-bevel lokushisela okujulile kwe-laser fusion; okwesibili, kungathuthukisa ukusatshalaliswa kwezicubu endaweni yokushisela ngokusebenzisa izintambo ezinokuqukethwe okuhlukile kokwakheka, bese kulawula ukusebenza kokushisela.
Enkambisweni yokukhiqizwa kwemizimba ezenzakalelayo, inqubo yokushisela i-laser filler isetshenziswa kakhulu ukushisela izingxenye zomzimba ze-aluminium alloy nensimbi. Ikakhulukazi enkambisweni yokushisela izingxenye zomzimba we-aluminium alloy, ukucindezeleka kobuso bechibi elincibilikisiwe kuncane, okungaholela kalula ekuweni kwechibi elincibilikisiwe, kuyilapho inqubo yokushisela i-laser filler ingaxazulula kangcono inkinga yokuwa kwechibi elincibilikisiwe ngokuncibilika kwentambo enkambisweni yokushisela i-laser.
Inqubo yokubhoboza nge-laser yomzimba wezimoto
Inqubo yokushisisa nge-laser isekelwe kulesi simiso esilandelayo: Ukusebenzisa i-laser njengomthombo wokushisa, umsebe we-laser uyagxila futhi ukhanyiswe phezu kwentambo, ucingo luyancibilika, ucingo oluncibilikile luyaconsa phansi bese lugcwalisa i-workpiece ezoshisisa, futhi imiphumela yensimbi efana nokuncibilika nokusabalalisa kwenzeka phakathi kwezinto zokushisisa kanye ne-workpiece, ngaleyo ndlela ijoyine i-workpiece. Ngokungafani nenqubo yokushisisa nge-laser filler, inqubo yokushisisa nge-laser incibilikisa intambo kuphela hhayi i-workpiece ezoshisisa. Ukushisisa nge-laser kunokuqina okuhle kokushisisa, kodwa amandla okunamathela kwe-weld ephumayo aphansi. Isithombe 3 sibonisa ukusetshenziswa kwenqubo yokushisisa nge-laser ekushiseni i-cargo compartment cover welding
Enqubweni yokushisela umzimba ngokuzenzakalela, inqubo yokushisela nge-laser isetshenziswa kakhulu ukushisela izingxenye zomzimba ezingadingi amandla aphezulu amalunga, njengokushisela phakathi kwesembozo sangaphezulu kanye nezinhlangothi ezizungezile, ukushisela phakathi kwengxenye ephezulu nengezansi yesembozo segumbi lemithwalo, njll. Isembozo saphezulu se-VW, i-Audi kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo neziphezulu zonke zisebenzisa inqubo yokushisela nge-laser.
Amaphutha amakhulu emajoyintini e-laser braced ezindikimba zezimoto afaka phakathi ukugabha komphetho, ukugoba, ukuguqulwa kwe-weld, njll., futhi amaphutha angacindezelwa kakhulu ngokulawula amapharamitha enqubo nokusebenzisa inqubo yokugabha ye-laser enezigxivizo eziningi.
Inqubo yokushisela ehlanganisiwe yomzimba we-laser-arc yezimoto
Isimiso senqubo yokushisela ehlanganisiwe ye-laser-arc simi kanje: imithombo emibili yokushisa, i-laser kanye ne-arc, isetshenziselwa ukusebenza ngasikhathi sinye ebusweni bento yokusebenza ezoshiselwa, futhi into yokusebenza iyancibilika futhi iqiniswe ukuze yakhe umthungo wokushisela. Umdwebo ongezansi ukhombisa inqubo yokushisela ye-laser-arc.
Ukushisela okuhlanganisiwe kwe-laser-arc kuhlanganisa izinzuzo zokushisela nge-laser kanye nokushisela nge-arc: okokuqala, ngaphansi kwesenzo semithombo yokushisa emibili, isivinini sokushisela singandiswa, okokufaka ukushisa kuba kuncane, ukuguqulwa kokushisela kuncane, kugcina izici zokushisela nge-laser; okwesibili, ikhono elingcono lokuhlanganisa, ukubekezelela igebe lokuhlangana kukhulu; okwesithathu, ijubane lokuqina kwechibi elincibilikisiwe liba lincane, okusiza ekususeni ama-pores, imifantu kanye nezinye izinkinga zokushisela, kuthuthukise ukuhlelwa kanye nokusebenza kwendawo ethintekile ukushisa. Okwesine, ngenxa ye-arc, iyakwazi ukushisela izinto ezinokukhanya okuphezulu kanye nokushisa okuphezulu, ngobubanzi obukhulu bezinto ezisetshenziswayo.
Enqubweni yokukhiqiza umzimba wezimoto, inqubo yokushisela ehlanganisiwe ye-laser-arc ikakhulukazi izingxenye ze-aluminium alloy zomzimba kanye nezinsimbi ezingafani ze-aluminium alloy-steel, ukuze kutholakale igebe lokuhlangana kwezingxenye ezinkulu zokushisela, njengengxenye yomnyango wemoto yendawo yokushisela, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igebe lokuhlangana lihambisana nokusebenza kahle kokushisela okuhlanganisiwe kwe-laser-arc. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bokushisela obuhlanganisiwe be-arc ye-laser-MIG busetshenziswa futhi endaweni yophahla oluseceleni lomzimba we-Audi.
Enqubweni yokushisela umzimba ozenzakalelayo, ukushisela okuhlanganisiwe kwe-laser-arc kunenzuzo yokubekezelela okukhulu kwegebe uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisela kwe-laser eyodwa, noma kunjalo, ukushisela okuhlanganisiwe kwe-laser-arc kudinga ukucatshangelwa okubanzi kwesikhundla esihlobene se-laser ne-arc, amapharamitha okushisela kwe-laser, amapharamitha e-arc nezinye izici. Ukuziphatha kokushisa nokudlulisa isisindo kwenqubo yokushisela ye-laser-arc kuyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi ukulawulwa kwamandla kokushisela kwezinto ezingafani kanye nendlela yokulawulwa kobukhulu be-IMC kanye nezicubu akukacaci futhi kudinga ukuqiniswa okwengeziwe kocwaningo.
Ezinye izinqubo zokushisela umzimba nge-laser yezimoto
Ukushisela okujulile kwe-laser, ukushisela kokugcwalisa i-laser, ukushisela kwe-laser kanye nokushisela okuhlanganisiwe kwe-laser-arc kanye nezinye izinqubo zokushisela zinenkolelo-mbono evuthiwe kanye nohlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezisebenzayo. Njengoba izidingo zemboni yezimoto zokusebenza kahle kokushisela umzimba zanda kanye nesidingo sokushisela izinto ezahlukene ekukhiqizeni okulula sanda, ukushisela kwe-laser spot, ukushisela kwe-laser oscillation, ukushisela kwe-multi-laser beam kanye nokushisela kwe-laser flight kuye kwathola ukunakwa.
Inqubo yokushisela indawo nge-laser
Ukushisela amabala e-laser ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokushisela nge-laser obunezinzuzo ezinhle kakhulu zesivinini sokushisela esisheshayo kanye nokunemba okuphezulu kokushisela. Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokushisela amabala e-laser ukugxilisa umsebe we-laser endaweni ethile engxenyeni ezoshiselwa, ukuze insimbi kuleyo ndawo incibilike ngokushesha, nangokulungisa ubuningi be-laser ukuze kufezwe ukushisela kokushisa noma umphumela wokushisela we-deep fusion, lapho umsebe we-laser uyeka ukusebenza, insimbi ewuketshezi iyabuyela emuva, iqine futhi yakhe ijoyinti.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokushisela amabala nge-laser: ukushisela amabala nge-laser okushukunyiswa kanye nokushisela amabala nge-laser okushukunyiswa okuqhubekayo. Ugongolo lwe-laser ekushiseleni amabala nge-laser okushukunyiswa lunamandla aphezulu, kodwa isikhathi sokusebenza sifushane, futhi ngokuvamile lusetshenziselwa ukushisela izinsimbi ezikhanyayo njenge-magnesium alloys kanye ne-aluminium alloys. Ekushiseleni amabala nge-laser okushukunyiswa okuqhubekayo, ugongolo lwe-laser lunamandla aphezulu ajwayelekile kanye nesikhathi eside sokusebenza nge-laser, futhi lusetshenziswa kakhulu ekushiseleni insimbi.
Ekushiseni umzimba ozenzakalelayo, uma kuqhathaniswa nokushiseni amabala okumelana, ukushiseni amabala nge-laser kunezinzuzo zendlela yokushiseni amabala engathintani futhi eklanyelwe wena, engahlangabezana nesidingo sokushiseni kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphansi kwezikhala ezahlukene zamathanga zezinto zomzimba ozenzakalelayo.
Inqubo yokushisela ye-laser oscillation
Ukushisela nge-laser oscillation ubuchwepheshe obusha bokushisela nge-laser obuphakanyisiwe eminyakeni yamuva futhi buthole ukunakwa kabanzi. Isimiso salobu buchwepheshe ukufeza ukushisela okusheshayo, okuhlelekile nokuncane komsebe we-laser ngokufaka isibuko esishintshashintshayo ekhanda lokushisela nge-laser, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe umphumela wokushukumisa umsebe ngenkathi kuqhubekela phambili ngesikhathi sokushisela nge-laser.
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokushintshashintsha kwe-oscillation enqubweni yokushisela ye-laser oscillation zifaka: ukushintshashintsha kwe-transverse, ukushintshashintsha kwe-longitudinal, ukushintshashintsha kwe-circular kanye nokushintshashintsha okungenamkhawulo. Inqubo yokushisela ye-laser oscillation inezinzuzo ezibalulekile ekushiseni umzimba we-auto, njengoba isimo sokugeleza kwechibi lokuncibilika sishintshwa kakhulu ukushisisa kwe-laser beam, ngakho-ke inqubo ingasusa amaphutha angahlanganisiwe, ifinyelele ukulungiswa kokusanhlamvu futhi icindezele ukugoba ekushiseni kwezinto zomzimba we-auto ezifanayo, futhi ithuthukise izinkinga zokuxuba okunganele kwezinto ezahlukene kanye nezakhiwo ezimbi zemishini yomthungo wokushisela ekushiseni kwezinto zomzimba we-auto ezingafani.
Inqubo yokushisela imisebe eminingi ye-laser
Njengamanje, ama-laser efayibha angasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa umqadi owodwa we-laser ube yimishayo eminingi ye-laser kusetshenziswa imoduli yokuhlukanisa umqadi efakwe ekhanda lokushisela. Ukushisela umqadi we-laser eminingi kufana nokusebenzisa imithombo eminingi yokushisa enqubweni yokushisela. Ngokulungisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla komqadi, imiqadi ehlukene ingafeza imisebenzi ehlukene, njengokuthi: umqadi onobuningi bamandla aphezulu umqadi oyinhloko, obhekene nokushisela okuncibilikile okujulile; umqadi ongaphansi onamandla aphansi ungahlanza futhi ushise ubuso bezinto ezibonakalayo futhi wandise ukumuncwa kwamandla omqadi we-laser ngezinto.
Inqubo yokushisela imisebe eminingi ye-laser ingathuthukisa ukuziphatha kokuhwamuka komphunga we-zinc kanye nokuziphatha okuguquguqukayo kwechibi lokuncibilika ngesikhathi sokushisela amashidi ensimbi agqitshiwe, ithuthukise inkinga yokufafaza futhi ithuthukise amandla okunamathela komthungo wokushisela.
Inqubo yokushisela indiza nge-laser
Ubuchwepheshe bokushisela indiza nge-laser buwubuchwepheshe obusha bokushisela i-laser obusebenza kahle kakhulu ekushiseleni kanye nomklamo ozimele wendlela yokushisela. Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokushisela indiza nge-laser ukuthi lapho umsebe we-laser ubonakala ezibukweni ze-X ne-Y zesibuko sokuskena, i-engeli yesibuko ilawulwa ngohlelo oluzimele ukuze kufezwe ukuphambuka komsebe we-laser kunoma iyiphi i-engeli.
Ngokwesiko, ukushisela nge-laser komzimba ozenzakalelayo kuncike kakhulu kurobhothi lokushisela ukuze lishayele ikhanda lokushisela nge-laser ukuze lihambisane ukuze kufezwe umphumela wokushisela. Kodwa-ke, ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe okuphindaphindayo kwerobhothi lokushisela kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokushisela ngomzimba ozenzakalelayo ngenxa yenani elikhulu lokushisela kanye nobude obude bokushisela. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukushisela nge-laser flight kungafinyelelwa ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile ngokumane ulungise i-engeli yesibonisi. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe bokushisela nge-laser flight bungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokushisela futhi bunethuba elibanzi lokusetshenziswa.
Isifinyezo
Ngokuthuthuka kwemboni yezimoto, ikusasa lobuchwepheshe bokushisela umzimba lizoqhubeka nokukhula kokubili enkambisweni yokushisela kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile.
Umzimba wezimoto, ikakhulukazi umzimba wezimoto ezintsha zamandla, uthuthuka ngendlela elula. Ama-alloy alula, izinto ezihlanganisiwe kanye nezinto ezingafani zizosetshenziswa kabanzi emzimbeni wezimoto, inqubo evamile yokushisela nge-laser kunzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zayo zokushisela, ngakho-ke inqubo yokushisela esezingeni eliphezulu nephumelelayo izoba yindlela yokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inqubo yokushisela ye-laser ekhulayo, njengokushisela kwe-laser swing, ukushisela kwe-multi-laser beam, ukushisela kwe-laser flight, njll., ibilokhu isezingeni lokushisela kanye nokusebenza kahle kokushisela kocwaningo lokuqala lwethiyori kanye nokuhlola inqubo. Ikusasa kudingeka libe inqubo yokushisela ye-laser ekhulayo kanye nezinto ezilula zomzimba we-auto, ukushisela izinto ezingafani nezinye izimo ezihlanganiswe eduze, ukwakheka kwendlela yokushisela ye-laser beam, indlela yokusebenza kwamandla e-multi-laser beam kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kokushisela kwe-flight kanye nezinye izici zocwaningo olujulile ukuze kuhlolwe inqubo yokushisela ye-auto body evuthiwe elula.
Ubuchwepheshe bokushisela nge-laser yomzimba ozenzakalelayo buhlanganiswa ngokujulile nobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile, ukuzwa ngesikhathi sangempela isimo sokushisela nge-laser yomzimba ozenzakalelayo kanye nokulawulwa kwempendulo yamapharamitha enqubo kunendima ebalulekile ekhwalithini yokushisela. Ubuchwepheshe bokushisela nge-laser obuhlakaniphile bamanje busetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhleleni indlela yokushisela ngaphambi kokushisela kanye nokulandelela kanye nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yangemva kokushisela. Ucwaningo lwasekhaya nolwangaphandle ekutholeni amaphutha okushisela kanye nokulawulwa okuguquguqukayo kwamapharamitha kusesencane, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokulawula okuguquguqukayo kwamapharamitha enqubo yokushisela nge-laser abukasetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni komzimba ozenzakalelayo.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze kusetshenziswe ubuchwepheshe bokushisela i-laser ezicini zenqubo yokushisela umzimba wezimoto, ikusasa kufanele lithuthukiswe ngohlelo oluthuthukisiwe lwe-multi-sensor core laser welding intelligence sensing system kanye nohlelo lokulawula irobhothi lokushisela olunesivinini esiphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile bokushisela i-laser busebenza ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokunemba kwesixhumanisi ngasinye, ngokusebenzisa isixhumanisi esithi "pre-welding trajectory planning - welding parameters adaptive control post-welding quality online Inspection", ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle.
Inkampani ye-Maven laser automation igxile embonini ye-laser iminyaka eyi-14, sigxile ekushiseni nge-laser, sinomshini wokushiseni nge-laser welding we-robotic arm, umshini wokushiseni nge-laser we-table automatic, umshini wokushiseni nge-laser welding we-handheld, ngaphezu kwalokho, sinomshini wokushiseni nge-laser, umshini wokusika nge-laser kanye nomshini wokuqopha uphawu lwe-laser, sinamakesi amaningi ezixazululo zokushiseni nge-laser, uma unesithakazelo ungasithinta njalo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-09-2022
