I-Encyclopedia of Welding Knowledge: Ingxoxo Emfushane Ngokuhlukaniswa
kanye Nezinqubo Zokushisela Zokushisela Nge-Laser
Ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, ukushisela nge-laser sekuyisikhathi eside kusetshenziswa emikhakheni yezindiza,ukushisela okunembe kakhulu, kanye nokushisela izinto ezikhethekile. Ngokuthuthuka kwemboni kanye nokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, ukushisela nge-laser manje sekusetshenziswe kakhulu ekushiseleni izinto ezivamile. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngokuhlukaniswa kokushisela nge-laser. Ukushisela nge-laser kuyindlela yokushisela esebenza kahle futhi enembile esebenzisa umsebe we-laser onamandla aphezulu njengomthombo wokushisa ukuhlanganisa izinto ndawonye. Inezinzuzo eziningi, njengesivinini sokushisela esisheshayo, ukuguqulwa okuncane, izidingo eziphansi zendawo yokushisela, ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, ukungabi nathonya okuvela emasimini kazibuthe, akukho mkhawulo ezintweni eziqhubayo, akukho sidingo sezimo zokusebenza ze-vacuum, kanye nokungabikho kokukhiqizwa kwe-X-ray ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela.
Ukushisela nge-laser kungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukene:
- Ukuhlukaniswa ngemodi yamandla okukhipha i-laser:
- Ukushisela okuqhubekayo nge-laser: Kukhiwa isimo sokushisela okuqhubekayo nokungaphazanyiswa ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela.
- Ukushisela nge-laser okushukunyiswayo: Njengoba ukungena kwamandla ebusweni bengxenye ehlanganisiwe kungamanqamu, indawo ngayinye yokukhanya eshukunyiswayo isebenza ebusweni bento yokusebenza ehlanganisiwe ukuze yakhe indawo yokunamathisela eyindilinga. Izimo ezahlukene zokunamathisela zingatholakala ngokuya ngamapharamitha ahlukene e-laser.
- Ukuhlukaniswa ngamandla amakhulu e-laser spot egxile:
- Ukushisela kokuqhuba ukushisa nge-laser: Ubuningi bamandla buphansi kakhulu, ngokuvamile bungaphansi kuka-10⁵ W/cm². I-laser idlulisela amandla ebusweni bento yokusebenza eshisiwe, ifudumeza ubuso bensimbi ekushiseni okuphakathi kwendawo yokuncibilika nendawo yokubila. Ukushisa kudluliselwa ngaphakathi kwensimbi ngokushisisa kokuqhuba ukushisa ukuze kwakheke i-weld, efana ne-tungsten inert.ukushisela igesi (TIG).
- Ukushisela okujulile kokungena nge-laser (ukushisela imbobo yokhiye): Lapho ubukhulu bamandla e-laser obusebenza ebusweni bensimbi bungaphezu kuka-10⁵ W/cm², umsebe we-laser onamandla aphezulu usebenza ebusweni bezinto zensimbi, okubangela ukuncibilika kwendawo bese kwakheka “imbobo yokhiye”. Umsebe we-laser ungena ngaphakathi kwechibi elincibilikisiwe “ngomgodi wokhiye” ukuze wakhe umsebe.
- Ukuhlukaniswa ngemodi yokulawula:
- Umshini wokushisela we-laser osetshenziswa ngesandla
- Umshini wokushisela we-laser ozenzakalelayo
- Umshini wokushisela we-laser we-Galvo
- Ukuhlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-laser:
- Umshini wokushisela we-laser we-YAG
- Umshini wokushisela we-laser we-semiconductor
- Umshini wokushisela we-fiber laser
1. Ukushisela Nge-Laser Endizayo
Ukushisela nge-laser okundizayo kuhlanganisa izinzuzo zokushisela okude, ama-galvanometer, kanye nama-manipulators, futhi kufakwe isofthiwe yobuchwepheshe yokucubungula ihluzo ukuze kufezwe ukushisela okusheshayo kwezindlela eziningi endaweni enezinhlangothi ezintathu.
Izicelo Eziyinhloko:
Isetshenziswa emikhiqizweni efana nemizimba yezimoto, izihlalo, kanye nezingxenye zezimoto ezivamile. Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokwakha, ingasetshenziswa ezintweni ezahlukene ezivamile njengezingcwecwe zensimbi, izingcwecwe ezigoqekile ezibandayo, kanye nezinsimbi ze-aluminium, kanye nezinto ezihlanganisiwe kanye nezinto ze-alloy ezifana nezinsimbi ze-magnesium-aluminium.
★ Izinzuzo:
- Iyahambisana nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokushisela
- Kufanelekela noma yisiphi isiqondiso sokushisela
- Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-weld/spot okuchazwe ngumsebenzisi
- Ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka okulungiselelwe
- Iyakwazi ukushisela amabala ngesivinini esikhulu, ukushisela umthungo, ukushisela ama-lap, ukushisela ama-butt, ukushisela ama-fillet, kanye nokushisela okuhlanganisiwe
- Ukuvumelanisa kwesikhathi sangempela phakathi kwekhanda lokushisela kanye nerobhothi ukusheshisa inqubo yokushisela nge-laser
- Isidingo sendawo encane phansi
- Izindleko zokulungisa nezokuthutha eziphansi
2. Ukushisela nge-Spiral Laser
Kuyindlela yokushisela nge-laser ene-double-wedge laser oscillation, etholakala ngokufaka imojuli ekhethekile yokugoba ekhanda lokushisela. Lokhu kwenza indawo yokukhanya egxilile ikwazi ukwakha i-spiral weld ngenkathi ikhanda lokushisela lihamba.
Izicelo Eziyinhloko:
Ukushisela ama-hinge, ukushintshanisa ukushisa, ukushintshanisa ukushisa ngamashubhu, ukushisela ngamashubhu amakhulu embonini kaphethiloli negesi yemvelo, ukushisela ama-flange, kanye nokushisela i-aluminium alloy, njll.
★ Izinzuzo:
- Ukushisela okubanzi
- Ukuphindwa okuphezulu kakhulu kokucubungula/ukuqina kwenqubo
- Ukwakheka okungcono kokushisela
- Ubuso obulula bokucutshungulwa kwangemva kokucubungula kanye nobubushelelezi bomsebenzi ohlanganisiwe
- Amandla amahle kakhulu okushisela i-aluminium alloy
3. Ukushiswa nge-laser
Ukushiswa nge-laser kubhekisela endleleni esebenzisa insimbi yokugcwalisa enephuzu lokuncibilika elingaphansi kunelensimbi eyisisekelo. Insimbi yokugcwalisa i-brazing ishiswa izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kunephuzu layo lokuncibilika kodwa liphansi kunephuzu lokuncibilika lensimbi eyisisekelo. Insimbi yokugcwalisa i-brazing ewuketshezi imanzisa insimbi eyisisekelo, igcwalise igebe elihlangene, bese isakazeka ngensimbi eyisisekelo ukuze kubonakale ukuxhumana kwezingxenye ezihlanganisiwe.
Izicelo Eziyinhloko:
Ukushisela izakhiwo zohlaka lomzimba we-aluminium, njengokuxhumana phakathi kophahla nodonga oluseceleni, kanye neminyango.
★ Izinzuzo:
- Kunciphisa amaphutha okushisela nge-laser okumsulwa, njengemifantu, imifantu, kanye nezikhala eziningi zokufaka imikhiqizo
- Kuthuthukisa amandla okushisela futhi kuthola ubuhlalu bokushisela obuphelele
- Insimbi yokugcwalisa i-brazing kuphela encibilikayo ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, kuyilapho insimbi eyisisekelo ingancibiliki.
- Ukuguqulwa okuncane kwamalunga aqinile, ukubukeka okubushelelezi nokubukeka kahle, okufanelekela ukunemba kokushisela, izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukene
- Indawo encane ethintekile ekushiseni kanye namandla aphezulu okucindezela
4. Ukushisela Okugcwele Intambo Yelaser
Ukushisela okugcwele intambo ye-laser kuyindlela esebenzisa insimbi yokugcwalisa enezinto ezifanayo noma ezifanayo nensimbi eyisisekelo. Insimbi eyisisekelo kanye nensimbi yokugcwalisa i-brazing ziyancibilika bese ziqina ukuze zenze i-weld.
Izicelo Eziyinhloko:
Ukushisela izingxenye zomzimba wonke zezimoto nezingxenye zezimoto.
★ Izinzuzo:
- Kunciphisa amaphutha okushisela nge-laser okumsulwa, njengemifantu kanye nemifantu
- Kuthuthukisa izinga lokufaneleka kwemikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe futhi kuvumela izikhala ezinkulu kancane phakathi kwemikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe
- Insimbi eyisisekelo iyancibilika ngesikhathi sokushisela, futhi amandla okushisela aphezulu kunalawo ensimbi eyisisekelo
5. Ukushisisa Okunyakazisayo
Ihlanganisa imisebenzi yokulandelela ukubumba imisebe kanye nokushisela imishini efanayo nge-ALO3. Intambo yokugcwalisa ingasetshenziswa njengenzwa yomshini.
Izicelo Eziyinhloko:
Ukushiswa kwe-laser kwemizimba emhlophe, okuhlanganisa ukushiswa kwe-laser kwezembozo zophahla kanye nezivalo zesiqu, kanye nokushiswa kwezingxenye zezimoto. Ukuguquguquka kwezingxenye kanye namaphutha ezicini kuvame ukwandisa ubunzima bokushiswa kwe-laser kakhulu, okuholela ekuxazululeni okunzima kakhulu kwenqubo yokushiswa kwe-laser. Kodwa-ke, ukushiswa kwe-oscillating kungalungisa ngempumelelo indlela yayo yokushiswa. Ngemisebenzi yokulandelela ukushiswa kanye nokunxephezela ubude be-focal ngokuzenzakalelayo, kwenza i-laser beam iqondiswe futhi igxile kalula, ibone izinguquko zesiqondiso, ikwazi ukuzenzakalela okuphezulu, isivinini sokushiswa esisheshayo, kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela igcine ikhwalithi yokushiswa.
★ Izinzuzo:
- Ukulandelela ukushisela ukuze kutholakale indlela yokushisela yento yokusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela
- Ukulungiswa okuguquguqukayo kwendlela yokushisela ku-XYZ ngezindlela ezintathu ngokuya ngokuphambuka okuhlukile kwezingxenye zomsebenzi ukuze kutholakale ikhwalithi enhle yokushisela
- Kuthuthukisa izinga lokuvumelana kokushisela umkhiqizo
6. Ukubopha Okunezindawo Ezintathu
Imodyuli enamachashaza amabili ifakwa kulensi. Ngesikhathi sokushisela, imodyuli enamachashaza amathathu ku-optics ye-brazing isabalalisa ugongolo olulodwa lube yimishayo emithathu, inikeze ikhambi lokushisela amashidi ensimbi ashisayo acwebezelayo futhi yenze ukushisela kube yisicaba ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.
Izicelo Eziyinhloko:
Ukubhinca imizimba emhlophe ye-aluminium alloy, ukubhinca nge-laser kwezimbozo zophahla kanye nezivalo zesiqu, kanye nokubhinca izingxenye zezimoto, njll.
★ Izinzuzo:
- Inqubo yokubhoboza eqinile nethembekile
- Isivinini esisheshayo
- Amandla aphezulu
- Ikhwalithi yokubukeka engcono kakhulu yama-weld eshidi ashisayo acwebezelayo
- Inqubo yokuhlanza ku-inthanethi
- Ukulungiswa kwamandla ashukumisayo
7. Ukushisela Okuhlanganisiwe Okune-Multi-Wavelength Hybrid
Ukushisela kwe-hybrid okunama-wave length amaningikuyinqubo entsha yokushisela eqanjwe yiLianying Laser. Ifaka imishayo emibili yelaser enama-wavelength ahlukene, okwenza ama-axes emishayo emibili ahlangane esikhaleni. I-laser eyinhloko yama-wavelength isetshenziswa kakhulu ekushiseni, kuyilapho i-laser yesibili yama-wavelength isetshenziswa kakhulu ekushiseni ucingo lokushisela kanye nensimbi eyisisekelo, kunciphisa izinga lokupholisa lensimbi encibilikisiwe echibini lokushisela. Ifaneleka kakhulu kuma-alloy e-aluminium, ama-alloy e-magnesium, ama-alloy ethusi, njll.
★ Izinzuzo:
- Kunciphisa okuqukethwe yizimbobo
- Kuthuthukisa ukuzinza kobuhlalu bokushisela futhi kwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokushisela
- Iqeda ngempumelelo ukucindezeleka kokushisa, inciphisa imifantu, ithuthukise amandla okushisela, futhi ithola ubuhlalu bokushisela obubukeka bufana kakhulu
Ekuphetheni, njengamanje, embonini ye-laser iyonke, ubuchwepheshe nemishini yangaphandle kusathatha isikhundla esiphambili. Zithuthuke ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izici, kusukela kuma-laser host kanye nama-optical processing heads kuya emishinini yokusiza efana nama-chiller, amamitha kagesi, ukuqapha ukushisela, ukuhlolwa kokushisela ngemuva, kanye nama-TCP calibrators. Amabhizinisi asekhaya enza yonke imizamo yokufinyelela. Kodwa-ke, emkhakheni wezicelo zokushisela nge-laser, iShayina isisondele kakhulu ezingeni elithuthukile lamazwe ngamazwe, kanye namabhizinisi amaningi asezingeni eliphezulu avela futhi athola imiphumela emihle kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-05-2025
