I. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokushisela:Amarobhothi Okushisela AhlakaniphilenjengeSiqondisi Esiyinhloko
(1) Ubuchwepheshe Bokushisela: Itshe Lesisekelo Lemboni Yanamuhla
Ubuchwepheshe bokushisela bufinyelela ukubopha kwezinto ezingeni le-athomu ngokushisa okuphezulu noma ingcindezi, futhi busetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eyinhloko njengezimoto, izindiza, kanye nokwakhiwa. Ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kwayo kunquma ngqo amandla esakhiwo kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza imikhiqizo. Ihlukaniswe ngomthombo wokushisa kanye nenqubo, iwela ezigabeni ezintathu: ukushisela okuhlanganisiwe, ukushisela okucindezelwe, kanye nokushisela. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubuchwepheshe obusha obuhlanganisa ukushisela nge-laser kanye nokushisela nge-electron beam budlule emikhawulweni yezindlela zendabuko, buhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza okusezingeni eliphezulu.
Amarobhothi okushisela aqukethe umzimba oyinhloko (onezingalo zerobhothi ezinezingqimba eziyisithupha njengomgogodla) kanye nemishini yokushisela esekelayo. Ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene, avumelaukushisela okuzenzakalelayo okunembe kakhulu. Zihlukaniswa ngenqubo, zifaka phakathi amarobhothi okushisela amabala, amarobhothi okushisela amabala, amarobhothi okushisela nge-laser, njll. Phakathi kwalawa, amarobhothi okushisela amabala kanye namarobhothi okushisela amabala enza u-90% wesabelo semakethe, ebusa ukushisela amabala amancane embonini yezimoto kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zesithuthuthu ezizenzakalelayo, ama-elekthronikhi e-3C, ngokulandelana. Ubuchwepheshe obusha obufana nokushisela nge-laser busheshisa ukungena kwabo ezimotweni ezintsha zamandla kanye nemikhakha yezindiza.
(2) Ubuchwepheshe Bokuvuthwa Kwamarobhothi Okushisela Ahlakaniphile
Ngokungafani nemodi eqinile "yokufundisa nokuphindaphinda" yamarobhothi afundisayo ajwayelekile, amarobhothi ahlakaniphile okushisela ahlanganisa izinzwa zokubona/i-laser kanye nama-algorithms obuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze kufezwe ukuqashelwa komthungo wokushisela ngesikhathi sangempela, ukukhiqizwa kwendlela okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nokwenza ngcono okuguquguqukayo. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ukuthembela emsebenzini wezandla futhi kuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kokusebenza, okwenza afaneleke kakhulu emikhakheni engeyona ejwayelekile njenge-elekthronikhi enembile kanye nezingxenye zezimoto ezilula, kanye nezimo zokukhiqiza eziphansi ezixubile kakhulu.
Uhlelo oluphelele lwerobhothi lokushisela oluhlakaniphile luqukethe uhlelo lokulawula oluhlakaniphile, imojula yokuzwa nokulandelela umbono, ipulatifomu yokuhlela engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, kanye nomzimba oyinhloko werobhothi. Izinzuzo zalo eziyinhloko zisekufushaniseni imijikelezo yokugunyazwa ngokusebenzisa ukumodela kwemvelo ebonakalayo kanye nokulingisa, ukuqaphela ukwenziwa ngcono kwamasu okushisela ngesikhathi sangempela ngokufunda okujulile, nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokubeka ezingeni le-millimeter ngezinzwa ezinembayo ephezulu. Njengamanje, kufezwe impumelelo ebalulekile njengokusebenza okungenamfundiso okuqondiswa umbono we-3D. Ubuchwepheshe buyashintsha kusuka kumodi "ezimele kancane" kuya "ezimele ngokuphelele", futhi buzofeza ukubambisana kwamapulatifomu ahlukahlukene kanye nokwabelana ngolwazi olusekelwe efwini esikhathini esizayo kuncike ku-5G kanye ne-edge computing.
II. Ukuntuleka Okuphawulekayo Kwabashiseli: Isikhala Esibanzi Semakethe Sokushisela Okuhlakaniphile
(1) Izinto Ezibangela Ukuntuleka Kwabashicileli kanye Nezinqubomgomo Ezihlanganisayo Ezibangela Isidingo Sokushintshwa Kwabashicileli
IShayina ibhekene nokuntuleka okukhulu kwabashiseli. Ngo-2024, igebe eliphelele lesidingo nokunikezwa lifinyelele ku-3.49 million, kanye nokuntuleka kwabashiseli asebekhulile abangu-400,000. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo seminyaka siyaguga, lapho abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-60 kanye nabaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-70 bebalelwa ngaphezu kuka-60% wabasebenzi, kuyilapho abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-90 benza u-13% kuphela, okuholela enkingeni evelele "yegebe lezizukulwane". Kanye nendawo yokusebenza enzima kanye nezingozi eziphezulu zezempilo zezikhundla zokushisela, intsha iya ngokuya inqikaza ukuthatha imisebenzi enjalo, okudala isidingo esiphuthumayo sokushintsha irobhothi. Ngokusekelwe ekubalweni kokuthi irobhothi elilodwa lingathatha indawo yabashiseli abangu-2.5, isidingo semakethe esingaba khona sifinyelela kumayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-1.4.
Uhulumeni ubelokhu ekhipha izinqubomgomo zokukhuthaza ukuthandwa kwe-intelligence welding. Kusukela kuHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lwe-13 Lokuthuthukiswa Kokukhiqiza Okuhlakaniphile kuya kuHlelo Lokusebenza Lwango-2024 Lokukhuthaza Ukuvuselelwa Kwemishini Emkhakheni Wezimboni, kuye kwakhiwa uhlelo lokusekela inqubomgomo oluhambisanayo, olucacisa imininingwane yobuchwepheshe, oluqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini, futhi lubeka isisekelo esiqinile sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni.
(2) Ukukhula Okuzinzile Kwemakethe kanye Nezinzuzo Ezibalulekile Zomnotho
Imakethe yamarobhothi okushisela emhlabeni wonke ikhula kancane kancane. Kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2024, inani lokuthengisa likhuphuke lisuka kumayunithi angu-64,200 laya kumayunithi angu-102,000, kanti amazinga okukhula konyaka nonyaka kulindeleke ukuthi afinyelele ku-6% kanye no-8% ngo-2025 kanye no-2026 ngokulandelana. Amarobhothi okushisela ahlakaniphile anikeza ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko okuvelele, ngesivinini sokushisela esingu-50-160 cm/min esisebenza kahle kakhulu ngesivinini sokushisela ngesandla esingu-40-60 cm/min. Aletha imbuyiselo ephezulu ekutshalweni kwezimali (i-ROI) kuzo zonke izimo zokushintsha: esimweni esibi kakhulu (ukufaka esikhundleni somshiseli oyedwa), utshalomali lungabuyiswa zingakapheli iminyaka emi-4, ngokulondolozwa okuhlanganisiwe okungu-10.5 million yuan eminyakeni eyishumi; esimweni esingcono kakhulu (ukufaka esikhundleni sabashiseli abangu-2.5), utshalomali lungabuyiswa ngonyaka wokuqala, ngokulondolozwa okuphelele okungu-27 million yuan eminyakeni eyishumi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa marobhothi angasebenza ngokuqhubekayo amahora angu-24 ngosuku ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.
(3) Isidingo Esiphuthumayo Sezimo Ezingajwayelekile: Ukungena Okusheshayo Ezakhiweni Zensimbi Nasemikhakheni Yokwakha Imikhumbi
- Imboni Yesakhiwo Sensimbi: Ngo-2023, umthamo kazwelonke wokucubungula isakhiwo sensimbi wafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-112, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-10.5%. Kodwa-ke, imboni ihlushwa ukungazisebenzisi kahle kanye nokuthembela kakhulu emsebenzini wezandla. Ngokusho kwezilinganiso, ama-60% okucubungula isakhiwo sensimbi kudinga izixazululo zokushisela ezihlakaniphile. Uma umkhiqizo kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingu-135 ngo-2025, uzodala isidingo samasethi emishini angu-12,200, okuzothuthukisa izinga lemakethe ngale kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu.
- Imboni Yokwakha Imikhumbi: Ngo-2024, iShayina yabekwa endaweni yokuqala emhlabeni jikelele ngezinkomba ezintathu eziyinhloko: inani lokuqedwa kwemikhumbi, ukuthathwa kwama-oda amasha, kanye nokusilela kwama-oda, okubalwa ngaphezu kwama-50% wenani lomhlaba wonke esigabeni ngasinye. Noma kunjalo, imboni ibhekene nezinselele ezifana nokushintshwa kwemikhumbi okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso kweqembu elincane, okuyintoizindlela zokushisela zendabukoUbunzima bokubhekana nabo. Ngo-2024, kwakunabashiseli abaqinisekisiwe ababalelwa ku-187,800 eShayina. Ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni sokungena esingu-15%, isidingo samarobhothi okushisela ahlakaniphile sifinyelela kumayunithi angu-18,800, okuhambisana nosayizi wemakethe ongu-5.634 billion yuan. Uma izinga lokungena likhuphuka lifike ku-30%, isikali semakethe sizodlula ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10.
III. Ukwakheka Kweketanga Lezimboni Zamarobhothi Okushisela Ahlakaniphile
Uchungechunge lwezimboni luqukethe ukuhlinzekwa kwezingxenye ezingenhla, ukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu ephakathi nendawo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemboni engezansi, okuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuvela emikhakheni eminingi efana ne-robotics, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye nombono womshini. Phakathi kwalokhu, umzimba oyinhloko werobhothi kanye nohlelo lombono/lwe-laser ndawonye kubalwa ngaphezu kwama-60% ezindleko eziphelele.
Ingxenye ephezulu ihlinzeka ngezingxenye ezibalulekile ezihlanganisa imizimba emikhulu yamarobhothi, izinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile, kanye nezinhlelo zokulandelela umthungo wokushisela, ezinquma ukuzinza kokusebenza kwemishini. Abakhiqizi bamandla okushisela basekhaya bathathe isikhundla esiphambili, kuyilapho amabhizinisi endawo emkhakheni wesoftware yokuhlela ye-3D kanye nezinhlelo ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ephula ukubusa kwemali yangaphandle. Abahlanganisi be-Midstream bahlanganisa imishini ukuze bakhe izixazululo eziqondene nezimo ezithile, banakekela izidingo zomsebenzi kanye nomugqa wokukhiqiza wezimboni ezifana nesakhiwo sensimbi kanye nokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi. Abakhiqizi bendawo bagxila ekuhleleni indlela ehlakaniphile yokusebenzela ukukhiqiza okungejwayelekile. Ingxenye engezansi ibona izinhlelo zokusebenza zendabuko ezigxile esakhiweni sensimbi kanye nokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi, futhi kancane kancane ingena emikhakheni ephezulu njengezimoto, amandla amasha, kanye nezindiza, ivela njengemishini eyinhloko yamabhizinisi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa izingozi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-23-2025
