Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-laser nezinto zokwakha kuhilela izenzakalo eziningi zomzimba kanye nezici. Izihloko ezintathu ezilandelayo zizokwethula izenzakalo ezintathu ezibalulekile zomzimba ezihlobene nenqubo yokushisela nge-laser ukuze kunikezwe ozakwabo ukuqonda okucacile kwalokhuinqubo yokushisela nge-laser: ihlukaniswe ngezinga lokumuncwa kwe-laser kanye nezinguquko esimweni, i-plasma kanye nomphumela we-keyhole. Kulokhu, sizobuyekeza ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinguquko esimweni se-laser nezinto zokwakha kanye nezinga lokumuncwa.
Izinguquko esimweni sendaba ezibangelwa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-laser nezinto zokwakha
Ukucutshungulwa kwezinto zensimbi nge-laser kusekelwe kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kokushisa kwemiphumela ye-photothermal. Lapho kusetshenziswa imisebe ye-laser ebusweni bezinto, kuzokwenzeka izinguquko ezahlukahlukene endaweni yobuso bezinto ngamandla ahlukahlukene. Lezi zinguquko zifaka phakathi ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa lobuso, ukuncibilika, ukuhwamuka, ukwakheka kwe-keyhole, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-plasma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko esimweni somzimba sendawo yobuso bezinto zithinta kakhulu ukumuncwa kwe-laser kwezinto. Ngokukhula kobuningi bamandla kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza, izinto zensimbi zizobhekana nezinguquko ezilandelayo esimweni:
Laphoamandla e-laserubuningi buphansi (<10 ^ 4w/cm ^ 2) futhi isikhathi sokukhanya sifushane, amandla e-laser amuncwa yinsimbi angabangela kuphela izinga lokushisa lezinto ukuthi likhuphuke lisuka ebusweni liye ngaphakathi, kodwa isigaba esiqinile asishintshi. Sisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelashweni kokuqina kwengxenye kanye nokuguqulwa kwesigaba, ngamathuluzi, amagiya, nama-bearings kuyizinto eziningi;
Ngokwanda kwamandla e-laser (10 ^ 4-10 ^ 6w/cm ^ 2) kanye nokwandiswa kwesikhathi sokukhanya, ubuso bezinto buncibilika kancane kancane. Njengoba amandla okufaka ekhula, isixhumi esiqinile soketshezi siya kancane kancane siye engxenyeni ejulile yezinto. Le nqubo ebonakalayo isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuncibilikisa ubuso, ukuhlanganisa, ukumboza, kanye nokushisela ukushisa kwezinsimbi.
Ngokwandisa amandla amaningi (>10 ^ 6w/cm ^ 2) nokwandisa isikhathi sokusebenza kwe-laser, ubuso bezinto abugcini nje ngokuncibilika kodwa futhi buyashintsha umbala, futhi izinto eziphefumulayo zihlangana eduze kobuso bezinto futhi zishintshe umbala zibe yi-ion kancane ukuze zakhe i-plasma. Le plasma encane isiza izinto ukuthi zimunce i-laser; Ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokuhwamuka nokwanda, ubuso obumanzi buyashintsha futhi bakhe imigodi. Lesi sigaba singasetshenziswa ekushiseni nge-laser, ngokuvamile ekushiseni kwe-thermal conductivity yokuxhumanisa kwe-micro ngaphakathi kwe-0.5mm.
Ngokwandisa amandla amaningi (>10 ^ 7w/cm ^ 2) nokwandisa isikhathi sokukhanya, ubuso bezinto budlula ekushiseni okunamandla, kwakha i-plasma enezinga eliphezulu le-ionization. Le plasma exinene inomthelela wokuvikela i-laser, inciphisa kakhulu amandla esigameko se-laser esithinta izinto. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphansi kwamandla amakhulu okusabela komphunga, kwakheka izimbobo ezincane, ezaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi izimbobo zokhiye, ngaphakathi kwensimbi encibilikisiwe. Ukuba khona kwezimbobo zokhiye kuyasiza ukuthi izinto zimunce i-laser, futhi lesi sigaba singasetshenziswa ekushiseni i-laser deep fusion, ukusika nokubhoboza, ukuqina komthelela, njll.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene, ubude obuhlukene bamaza okukhanya kwe-laser ezintweni zensimbi ezahlukene buzoholela enanini elithile lobuningi bamandla esigabeni ngasinye.
Ngokuphathelene nokumuncwa kwe-laser ngezinto, ukumuncwa kwezinto kungumkhawulo. Lapho izinto zingabi impumuzo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zisesigabeni esiqinile noma esiwuketshezi, ukumuncwa kwe-laser kushintsha kancane kancane ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa lobuso; Uma izinto zishintsha zibe impumuzo futhi zakha i-plasma kanye nezimbobo zokhiye, ukumuncwa kwe-laser kwezinto kuzoshintsha ngokuzumayo.
Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2, izinga lokumuncwa kwe-laser ebusweni bezinto ngesikhathi sokushisela nge-laser liyahlukahluka ngobuningi bamandla e-laser kanye nokushisa kobuso bezinto. Uma izinto zingancibilikiswanga, izinga lokumuncwa kwezinto eziya ku-laser likhula kancane kancane ngokwanda kokushisa kobuso bezinto. Lapho ubukhulu bamandla bungaphezu kuka-(10 ^ 6w/cm ^ 2), izinto ziyahwamuka ngamandla, zakha imbobo yokhiye. I-laser ingena embobeni yokhiye ukuze ibonise futhi imunce izinto eziningi, okuholela ekwandeni okukhulu kwesilinganiso sokumuncwa kwezinto eziya ku-laser kanye nokwanda okukhulu kokujula kokuncibilika.
Ukumuncwa kwe-Laser yizinto zensimbi – Ubude be-Wavelength
Isithombe esingenhla sibonisa umugqa wobudlelwano phakathi kokukhanya, ukumuncwa, kanye nobude be-wavelength bezinsimbi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekushiseni kwegumbi. Esifundeni se-infrared, izinga lokumuncwa liyancipha futhi ukukhanya kuyanda ngokwanda kobude be-wavelength. Iningi lezinsimbi libonakalisa kakhulu ukukhanya kwe-infrared okungu-10.6um (CO2) wavelength ngenkathi libonakalisa kancane ukukhanya kwe-infrared okungu-1.06um (1060nm). Izinto zensimbi zinamazinga aphezulu okumuncwa kwama-laser amafushane obude be-wavelength, njengokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza.
Ukumuncwa kwe-Laser yizinto zensimbi – Izinga lokushisa lezinto kanye nobuningi bamandla e-laser
Uma sithatha i-aluminium alloy njengesibonelo, lapho izinto ziqinile, izinga lokumuncwa kwe-laser licishe libe ngu-5-7%, izinga lokumuncwa koketshezi lifinyelela ku-25-35%, futhi lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-90% esimweni se-keyhole.
Izinga lokumuncwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswa ku-laser liyanda ngokushisa okwandayo. Izinga lokumuncwa kwezinto zensimbi ekamelweni lokushisa liphansi kakhulu. Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka lize lifike eduze nendawo yokuncibilika, izinga lokumuncwa kwalo lingafinyelela ku-40% ~ 60%. Uma izinga lokushisa liseduze nendawo yokubila, izinga lokumuncwa kwalo lingafinyelela ku-90%.
Ukumuncwa kwe-Laser yizinto zensimbi – Isimo Somphezulu
Izinga lokumunca elivamile lilinganiswa kusetshenziswa ubuso bensimbi obubushelelezi, kodwa ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo kokushisa nge-laser, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukwandisa izinga lokumunca kwezinto ezithile zokukhanyisa okuphezulu (i-aluminium, ithusi) ukuze kugwenywe ukushiswa okungamanga okubangelwa ukukhanyisa okuphezulu;
Izindlela ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa:
1. Ukwamukela izinqubo ezifanele zangaphambi kokwelashwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubonakaliswa kwe-laser: i-prototype oxidation, i-sandblasting, ukuhlanza nge-laser, i-nickel plating, i-tin plating, i-graphite coating, njll. konke kungathuthukisa izinga lokumuncwa kwe-laser kwezinto;
Ingqikithi ukwandisa ubulukhuni bomphezulu wezinto ezibonakalayo (okuhambisana nokubonakaliswa kwe-laser okuningi kanye nokumuncwa), kanye nokwandisa izinto zokumboza ngesilinganiso sokumuncwa esiphezulu. Ngokumunca amandla e-laser kanye nokuwancibilikisa nokuwenza abe buthakathaka ngezinto ezibonakalayo zesilinganiso sokumuncwa esiphezulu, ukushisa kwe-laser kudluliselwa ezintweni eziyisisekelo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokumuncwa kwezinto futhi kuncishiswe ukushiswa okubonakalayo okubangelwa yisenzakalo sokuboniswa okuphezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-23-2023
