Ukusika nge-laserisicelo
Ama-laser e-CO2 ageleza ngokushesha asetshenziswa kakhulu ekusikeni izinto zensimbi nge-laser, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yekhwalithi yawo enhle ye-beam. Nakuba ukubonakaliswa kwezinsimbi eziningi kuma-laser e-CO2 kuphakeme kakhulu, ukubonakaliswa kobuso bensimbi ekushiseni kwegumbi kuyanda ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa kanye nezinga lokushiswa kwe-oxidation. Uma ubuso bensimbi sebonakele, ukubonakaliswa kwensimbi kuseduze no-1. Ekusikweni kwe-laser yensimbi, kudingeka amandla aphezulu ajwayelekile, futhi ama-laser e-CO2 anamandla aphezulu kuphela analesi simo.
1. Ukusikwa kwezinto zensimbi nge-laser
1.1 Ukusikwa kwe-laser okuqhubekayo kwe-CO2 Amapharamitha enqubo ayinhloko okusikwa kwe-laser okuqhubekayo kwe-CO2 afaka amandla e-laser, uhlobo kanye nengcindezi yegesi esekelayo, isivinini sokusika, indawo yokugxila, ukujula kokugxila kanye nokuphakama kwe-nozzle.
(1) Amandla e-Laser Amandla e-laser anethonya elikhulu ekujikeni kokusika, isivinini sokusika kanye nobubanzi bokusika. Uma ezinye izinhlaka zingaguquguquki, ijubane lokusika liyancipha ngokwanda kobukhulu bepuleti lokusika futhi landa ngokwanda kwamandla e-laser. Ngamanye amazwi, lapho amandla e-laser emakhulu, ipuleti elingasikwa liba likhulu, isivinini sokusika sishesha, futhi ububanzi bokusika bube bukhulu kancane.
(2) Uhlobo kanye nokucindezela kwegesi elisizayo Lapho usika insimbi ephansi yekhabhoni, i-CO2 isetshenziswa njengegesi elisizayo ukuze kusetshenziswe ukushisa kokusabela kokushiswa kwensimbi-oksijini ukukhuthaza inqubo yokusika. Ijubane lokusika liphezulu futhi ikhwalithi yokusika ilungile, ikakhulukazi ukusika ngaphandle kwe-slag enamathelayo kungatholakala. Lapho usika insimbi engagqwali, kusetshenziswa i-CO2. I-slag kulula ukunamathela engxenyeni engezansi yokusika. Igesi exubile ye-CO2 + N2 noma ukugeleza kwegesi okunezingqimba ezimbili kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Ukucindezela kwegesi elisizayo kunomthelela omkhulu emphumeleni wokusika. Ukwandisa ngokufanele ukucindezela kwegesi kungandisa ijubane lokusika ngaphandle kwe-slag enamathelayo ngenxa yokwanda komfutho wokugeleza kwegesi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla okususa i-slag. Kodwa-ke, uma ukucindezela kuphezulu kakhulu, ubuso obusikiwe buba buqinile. Umphumela wokucindezela kwe-oxygen ebulukhunini obujwayelekile bobuso bokusika uboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.
Umfutho womzimba uncike nasekujiyeni kwepuleti. Uma usika insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi nge-laser ye-CO2 engu-1kW, ubudlelwano phakathi komfutho womoya-mpilo kanye nokujiya kwepuleti buboniswa esithombeni esingezansi.
(3) Isivinini sokusika Isivinini sokusika sinomthelela omkhulu kwikhwalithi yokusika. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zamandla e-laser, kunezindinganiso ezibaluleke kakhulu eziphezulu neziphansi ezihambisanayo zesivinini esihle sokusika lapho kunqunywa insimbi ephansi yekhabhoni. Uma isivinini sokusika siphezulu noma siphansi kunenani elibalulekile, kuzonamathela i-slag. Lapho isivinini sokusika sihamba kancane, isikhathi sokusebenza kokushisa kokusabela kwe-oxidation emphethweni wokusika siyandiswa, ububanzi bokusika buyandiswa, futhi ubuso bokusika buba nzima. Njengoba isivinini sokusika sanda, ukusikwa kuya ngokuya kuba ncane kuze kube yilapho ububanzi bokusikwa okuphezulu bulingana nobubanzi bendawo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukusikwa kufana nokwesigaxa kancane, kubanzi phezulu futhi kuncane phansi. Njengoba isivinini sokusika siqhubeka sanda, ububanzi bokusikwa okuphezulu buyaqhubeka nokuba ncane, kodwa ingxenye engezansi yokusika iba banzi kakhulu futhi iba yisimo sesigaxa esiguquliwe.
(5) Ukujula kokugxila
Ukujula kokugxila kunomthelela othile kwikhwalithi yendawo yokusika kanye nesivinini sokusika. Lapho usika amapuleti ensimbi amakhulu, kufanele kusetshenziswe ugongolo olune-focal depth enkulu; lapho usika amapuleti amancane, kufanele kusetshenziswe ugongolo olune-focal depth encane.
(6) Ukuphakama kwe-nozzle
Ukuphakama kwe-nozzle kubhekisela ebangeni elivela ekugcineni komlomo wegesi osizayo kuya endaweni engenhla yomsebenzi. Ukuphakama kwe-nozzle kukhulu, futhi umfutho womoya osizayo okhishwayo kulula ukushintshashintsha, okuthinta ikhwalithi yokusika kanye nesivinini. Ngakho-ke, lapho kusikwa nge-laser, ukuphakama kwe-nozzle ngokuvamile kuncishiswa, ngokuvamile kusuka ku-0.5 ~ 2.0mm.
① Izici ze-laser
a. Khulisa amandla e-laser. Ukuthuthukisa ama-laser anamandla kakhulu kuyindlela eqondile nephumelelayo yokwandisa ukujiya kokusika.
b. Ukucubungula i-pulse. Ama-laser acindezelwe anamandla aphezulu kakhulu futhi angangena emapuletini ensimbi aqinile. Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokusika i-pulse laser obunemvamisa ephezulu, obunobubanzi obuncane kungasika amapuleti ensimbi aqinile ngaphandle kokwandisa amandla e-laser, futhi usayizi wokusikwa uncane kunowokusika i-laser okuqhubekayo.
c. Sebenzisa ama-laser amasha
②Isistimu ye-Optical
a. Uhlelo lwe-optical oluguquguqukayo. Umehluko kusuka ekusikeni kwe-laser yendabuko ukuthi akudingeki ukuthi kubekwe ukugxila ngaphansi kwendawo yokusika. Lapho indawo yokugxila ishintshashintsha phezulu naphansi ngamamilimitha ambalwa eceleni kobubanzi bepuleti lensimbi, ubude bokugxila ohlelweni lwe-optical oluguquguqukayo buzoshintsha ngokushintsha kwendawo yokugxila. Izinguquko zokukhuphuka naphansi kubude bokugxila zihambisana nokunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kwe-laser nendawo yokusebenza, okubangela ukuthi indawo yokugxila ishintshe phezulu naphansi ngokujula kwendawo yokusebenza. Le nqubo yokusika lapho indawo yokugxila ishintsha khona ngezimo zangaphandle ingakhiqiza ukusika kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Ububi bale ndlela ukuthi ukujula kokusika kunqunyelwe, ngokuvamile kungabi ngaphezu kwama-30mm.
b. Ubuchwepheshe bokusika i-Bifocal. Ilensi ekhethekile isetshenziselwa ukugxila umsebe kabili ezingxenyeni ezahlukene. Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 4.58, u-D ububanzi bengxenye ephakathi yelensi futhi ububanzi bengxenye esemaphethelweni yelensi. Irediyasi yokugoba enkabeni yelensi inkulu kunendawo ezungezile, yakha ukugxila okuphindwe kabili. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokusika, ukugxila okuphezulu kutholakala ebusweni obuphezulu bento yokusebenza, kanti ukugxila okuphansi kutholakala eduze kobuso obuphansi bento yokusebenza. Lobu buchwepheshe obukhethekile bokusika i-laser obugxile kabili bunezinzuzo eziningi. Ngokusika insimbi ethambile, abugcini nje ngokugcina umsebe we-laser onamandla aphezulu ebusweni obuphezulu bensimbi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezimo ezidingekayo ukuze into ivuthe, kodwa futhi bugcina umsebe we-laser onamandla aphezulu eduze kobuso obuphansi bensimbi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokushisa. Isidingo sokukhiqiza ukusika okuhlanzekile kulo lonke ububanzi bobukhulu bezinto. Lobu buchwepheshe bandisa ububanzi bemingcele yokuthola ukusika kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa i-CO2 engu-3kW. I-laser, ubukhulu bokusika obujwayelekile bungafinyelela ku-15 ~ 20mm kuphela, kanti ubukhulu bokusika obusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokusika obugxile kabili bungafinyelela ku-30 ~ 40mm.
③I-nozzle kanye nokugeleza komoya okusizayo
Yakha i-nozzle ngendlela efanele ukuze uthuthukise izici zensimu yokugeleza komoya. Ububanzi bodonga lwangaphakathi lwe-nozzle ye-supersonic buqala bunciphe bese bukhula, okungakhiqiza ukugeleza komoya kwe-supersonic endaweni yokuphuma. Ingcindezi yokunikezwa komoya ingaba phezulu kakhulu ngaphandle kokukhiqiza amagagasi okushaqeka. Uma usebenzisa i-nozzle ye-supersonic yokusika nge-laser, ikhwalithi yokusika nayo ifanelekile. Njengoba ingcindezi yokusika ye-nozzle ye-supersonic ebusweni be-workpiece izinzile, ifaneleka kakhulu ekusikweni kwe-laser kwamapuleti ensimbi aminyene.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-18-2024
