1. Ukubuka konke kwemboni ye-laser
(1) Isingeniso se-Laser
I-Laser (Ukukhulisa Ukukhanya Ngokukhishwa Kwemisebe Okushukunyiswayo, okufingqiwe ngokuthi i-LASER) iwukukhanya okuhlanganisiwe, okune-monochromatic, okuqondile, okuqondiswayo okukhiqizwa ukukhulisa imisebe yokukhanya ngemvamisa encane ngokusebenzisa i-resonance yempendulo evuselelwe kanye nemisebe.
Ubuchwepheshe be-laser baqala ekuqaleni kwawo-1960, futhi ngenxa yohlobo lwabo oluhlukile ngokuphelele ekukhanyeni okuvamile, i-laser yasheshe yasetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene futhi yathonya kakhulu intuthuko kanye nokuguqulwa kwesayensi, ubuchwepheshe, umnotho kanye nomphakathi.
Ukuzalwa kwe-laser kushintshe kakhulu ubuso be-optics yasendulo, kwandisa i-classical optical physics yaba yisifundo esisha sobuchwepheshe obuphezulu esihlanganisa kokubili i-optics yakudala kanye ne-photonics yesimanje, okwenza umnikelo ongenakuphikwa ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wabantu kanye nomphakathi. Ucwaningo lwe-laser physics lube negalelo ekuchumeni kwamagatsha amabili amakhulu e-photonic physics yesimanje: i-energy photonics kanye ne-information photonics. Luhlanganisa i-nonlinear optics, i-quantum optics, i-quantum computing, i-laser sensing kanye nokuxhumana, i-laser plasma physics, i-laser chemistry, i-laser biology, i-laser medicine, i-ultra-precise laser spectroscopy kanye ne-metrology, i-laser atom physics kufaka phakathi i-laser cooling kanye ne-Bose-Einstein condensed matter research, izinto zokusebenza kwe-laser, ukukhiqizwa kwe-laser, i-laser micro-optoelectronic chip fabrication, i-laser 3D printing kanye nezifundo ezingaphezu kuka-20 zomhlaba wonke kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe. UMnyango Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe Be-Laser (DSL) usungulwe kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo.
Embonini yokukhiqiza i-laser, umhlaba ungene enkathini "yokukhiqiza okulula", ngokusho kwezibalo zemboni ye-laser yamazwe ngamazwe, ama-50% e-GDP yonyaka ye-United States1 ahlobene nokwanda okusheshayo kwemakethe yezicelo ze-laser ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Amazwe amaningana athuthukile, amelelwe yi-United States, iJalimane neJapane, ngokuyisisekelo aqedele ukufaka esikhundleni izinqubo zendabuko ngokucubungula i-laser ezimbonini ezinkulu zokukhiqiza njengezimoto nezindiza. I-laser ekukhiqizeni kwezimboni ibonise amandla amakhulu ezicelo zokukhiqiza ezingabizi kakhulu, ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezisebenzayo nezikhethekile ezingenakufezwa ngokukhiqiza okuvamile, futhi isibe ngumshayeli obalulekile wokuncintisana nokusungula izinto ezintsha phakathi kwamazwe amakhulu ezimboni emhlabeni. Amazwe asekela ngenkuthalo ubuchwepheshe be-laser njengomunye wobuchwepheshe bawo obubaluleke kakhulu obusezingeni eliphezulu futhi athuthukise izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa imboni ye-laser kazwelonke.
(2)I-LaserUmthombo Pi-rinciple
I-laser iyithuluzi elisebenzisa imisebe evuselelwe ukukhiqiza ukukhanya okubonakalayo noma okungabonakali, elinesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezithiyo zobuchwepheshe eziphezulu. Uhlelo lwe-optical luqukethe kakhulu umthombo wephampu (umthombo wokuvuselela), i-gain medium (into esebenzayo) kanye ne-resonant cavity nezinye izinto zedivayisi ye-optical. I-gain medium ingumthombo wokukhiqizwa kwe-photon, futhi ngokumunca amandla akhiqizwa umthombo wephampu, i-gain medium igxuma isuka esimweni somhlaba iye esimweni sokuvuselela. Njengoba isimo sokuvuselela singazinzile, ngalesi sikhathi, i-gain medium izokhipha amandla ukuze ibuyele esimweni esizinzile sesimo somhlaba. Kule nqubo yokukhululwa kwamandla, i-gain medium ikhiqiza ama-photon, futhi lawa ma-photon anezinga eliphakeme lokuvumelana kwamandla, ubude be-wavelength kanye nesiqondiso, ahlala ebonakala emgodini we-optical resonant, ukunyakaza okuhambisanayo, ukuze akhule njalo, futhi ekugcineni adubule i-laser nge-reflector ukuze akhe umsebe we-laser. Njengohlelo lwe-optical oluyinhloko lwemishini ye-terminal, ukusebenza kwe-laser kuvame ukunquma ngqo ikhwalithi namandla omsebe wokukhipha wemishini ye-laser, kuyingxenye eyinhloko yemishini ye-terminal laser.
Umthombo wephampu (umthombo wokuvuselela) unikeza amandla okuvuselela i-gain medium. I-gain medium iyajabula ukukhiqiza ama-photon ukuze ikhiqize futhi ikhulise i-laser. I-resonant cavity yindawo lapho izici ze-photon (imvamisa, isigaba kanye nesiqondiso sokusebenza) zilawulwa khona ukuze kutholakale umthombo wokukhanya okhiphayo wekhwalithi ephezulu ngokulawula ukushukuma kwe-photon emgodini. Umthombo wephampu (umthombo wokuvuselela) unikeza amandla okuvuselela i-gain medium. I-gain medium iyajabula ukukhiqiza ama-photon ukuze ikhiqize futhi ikhulise i-laser. I-resonant cavity yindawo lapho izici ze-photon (imvamisa, isigaba kanye nesiqondiso sokusebenza) zilungiswa khona ukuze kutholakale umthombo wokukhanya okhiphayo wekhwalithi ephezulu ngokulawula ukushukuma kwe-photon emgodini.
(3)Ukuhlukaniswa Komthombo We-Laser
Umthombo we-laser ungahlukaniswa ngokuya nge-gain medium, i-output wavelength, imodi yokusebenza, kanye nemodi yokupompa, kanje:
① Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwe-gain medium
Ngokusho kwemithombo yezindaba ehlukene, ama-laser angahlukaniswa abe yisimo esiqinile (kufaka phakathi okuqinile, i-semiconductor, i-fiber, i-hybrid), ama-laser aketshezi, ama-laser egesi, njll.
| I-LaserUmthomboUhlobo | Imidiya Yenzuzo | Izici Eziyinhloko |
| Umthombo We-Laser Wesimo Esiqinile | Izinto eziqinile, ama-semiconductor, ama-fiber optics, ama-hybrid | Ukuqina okuhle, amandla aphezulu, izindleko zokulungisa eziphansi, ezifanele ukwenziwa kwezimboni |
| Umthombo We-Laser Owuketshezi | Uketshezi lwamakhemikhali | Ububanzi be-wavelength obungakhethwa bufinyelela, kodwa usayizi omkhulu kanye nezindleko zokulungisa eziphakeme |
| Umthombo We-Laser Yegesi | Amagesi | Umthombo wokukhanya we-laser osezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa usayizi omkhulu kanye nezindleko zokulungisa eziphakeme |
| Umthombo Wamahhala We-Electron Laser | Ugongolo lwe-electron ensimini ethile yamagnetic | Amandla aphezulu kakhulu kanye nokukhishwa kwe-laser kwekhwalithi ephezulu kungatholakala, kodwa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza ziphakeme kakhulu |
Ngenxa yokuzinza okuhle, amandla aphezulu kanye nezindleko zokulungisa eziphansi, ukusetshenziswa kwama-laser aqinile kusiza kakhulu.
Phakathi kwama-laser e-solid-state, ama-laser e-semiconductor anezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, usayizi omncane, impilo ende, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, njll. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, angasetshenziswa ngqo njengomthombo wokukhanya oyinhloko kanye nokusekelwa kokucubungula i-laser, ezokwelapha, ezokuxhumana, ezokuzwa, ukubonisa, ukuqapha kanye nezicelo zokuzivikela, futhi abe yisisekelo esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-laser besimanje obunokubaluleka kwentuthuko yamasu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-laser e-semiconductor angasetshenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya oyinhloko wokupompa kwamanye ama-laser njenge-laser yesimo esiqinile kanye nama-laser e-fiber, okukhuthaza kakhulu intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe yensimu yonke ye-laser. Wonke amazwe amakhulu athuthukile emhlabeni ayifakile ezinhlelweni zawo zentuthuko kazwelonke, enikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile futhi ethola intuthuko esheshayo.
② Ngokwendlela yokupompa
Ama-laser angahlukaniswa abe ama-laser ampontshwa ngogesi, ampontshwa ngokubona, ampontshwa ngamakhemikhali, njll. ngokwendlela yokupompa.
Ama-laser ampompiwe ngogesi abhekisela kuma-laser avuselelwa ugesi, ama-laser egesi avuselelwa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwegesi, kuyilapho ama-laser e-semiconductor evuselelwa kakhulu ukufakelwa ugesi.
Cishe wonke ama-laser e-solid state kanye nama-laser e-liquid angama-optical pump lasers, kanti ama-semiconductor lasers asetshenziswa njengomthombo oyinhloko wokupompa kwama-optical pump lasers.
Ama-laser ampompiwe ngamakhemikhali abhekisela kuma-laser asebenzisa amandla akhishwa yimiphumela yamakhemikhali ukuze avuse izinto ezisebenzayo.
③Ukuhlukaniswa ngemodi yokusebenza
Ama-Laser angahlukaniswa ngama-laser aqhubekayo kanye nama-laser ashukunyiswayo ngokwendlela yawo yokusebenza.
Ama-laser aqhubekayo anokusatshalaliswa okuzinzile kwenani lezinhlayiya ezingeni ngalinye lamandla kanye nensimu yemisebe emgodini, futhi ukusebenza kwawo kubonakala ngokuvusa kwezinto ezisebenzayo kanye nokukhishwa kwe-laser okuhambisanayo ngendlela eqhubekayo esikhathini eside. Ama-laser aqhubekayo angakhipha ukukhanya kwe-laser ngokuqhubekayo isikhathi eside, kodwa umphumela wokushisa usobala kakhulu.
Ama-laser ashukunyiswayo abhekisela esikhathini lapho amandla e-laser egcinwa khona ngenani elithile, futhi ekhipha ukukhanya kwe-laser ngendlela engapheli, ngezici eziyinhloko zomphumela omncane wokushisa kanye nokulawulwa okuhle.
④ Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwe-wavelength yokukhipha
Ama-Laser angahlukaniswa ngokwe-wavelength njengama-laser e-infrared, ama-laser abonakalayo, ama-laser e-ultraviolet, ama-laser ajulile e-ultraviolet, njalo njalo. Ububanzi bokukhanya obungamuncwa yizinto ezihlelekile ezahlukene buhlukile, ngakho-ke ama-laser ama-wavelength ahlukene ayadingeka ukuze kucutshungulwe kahle izinto ezahlukene noma ezimweni ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa.Ama-laser e-infrared nama-laser e-UV yiwona ama-laser amabili asetshenziswa kakhulu. Ama-laser e-infrared asetshenziswa kakhulu "ekucubungulweni kokushisa", lapho izinto ezisebusweni bezinto zishiswa futhi zishiswe (zihwamuke) ukuze kususwe izinto; ekucubungulweni kwezinto ezingezona ezensimbi ezenziwe ngefilimu encane, ukusika i-wafer ye-semiconductor, ukusika ingilazi yemvelo, ukubhoboza, ukumaka nezinye izinkambu, amandla aphezulu Emkhakheni wokucubungula izinto ezingezona ezensimbi ezenziwe ngefilimu encane, ukusika i-wafer ye-semiconductor, ukusika ingilazi yemvelo, ukubhoboza, ukumaka, njll., ama-photon e-UV anamandla aphezulu aphula ngqo izibopho zama-molecule ebusweni bezinto ezingezona ezensimbi, ukuze ama-molecule ahlukaniswe nento, futhi le ndlela ayikhiqizi ukusabela kokushisa okuphezulu, ngakho-ke ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukucubungula okubandayo".
Ngenxa yamandla aphezulu ama-photon e-UV, kunzima ukukhiqiza i-laser ethile ye-UV eqhubekayo enamandla aphezulu ngomthombo wangaphandle wokuvusa, ngakho-ke i-laser ye-UV ngokuvamile ikhiqizwa ukusetshenziswa kwendlela yokuguqulwa kwemvamisa yomphumela we-nonlinear effect frequency, ngakho-ke insimu yezimboni esetshenziswa kabanzi yama-laser e-UV asetshenziswa kabanzi ikakhulukazi ama-laser e-UV aqinile.
(4) Uchungechunge lwezimboni
I-upstream ye-industry chain ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-semiconductor, imishini ephezulu kanye nezinsiza zokukhiqiza ezihlobene ukukhiqiza ama-laser cores namadivayisi e-optoelectronic, okuyitshe lesisekelo lemboni ye-laser futhi inomkhawulo wokufinyelela okuphezulu. I-midstream ye-industry chain ukusetshenziswa kwama-upstream laser chips namadivayisi e-optoelectronic, amamojula, izingxenye ze-optical, njll. njengemithombo yepompo yokukhiqiza nokuthengisa ama-laser ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ama-direct semiconductor lasers, ama-carbon dioxide lasers, ama-solid-state lasers, ama-fiber lasers, njll.; imboni engezansi ibhekisela kakhulu ezindaweni zokusetshenziswa kwama-laser ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi imishini yokucubungula izimboni, i-LIDAR, ukuxhumana kwe-optical, ubuhle bezokwelapha kanye nezinye izimboni zohlelo lokusebenza.
①Abahlinzeki abaphezulu
Izinto zokusetshenziswa zemikhiqizo engenhla njenge-semiconductor laser chips, amadivayisi namamojula ikakhulukazi ziyizinto ezahlukahlukene ze-chip, izinto ze-fiber kanye nezingxenye ezenziwe ngomshini, kufaka phakathi ama-substrate, ama-heat sink, amakhemikhali kanye namasethi ezindlu. Ukucutshungulwa kwe-chip kudinga ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokusebenza kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingenhla, ikakhulukazi ezivela kubahlinzeki bangaphandle, kodwa izinga lokwenziwa kwendawo liyakhula kancane kancane, futhi kancane kancane kufezwa ukulawula okuzimele. Ukusebenza kwezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko ezingenhla kunomthelela oqondile kwikhwalithi yama-semiconductor laser chips, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kwezinto ezahlukene ze-chip, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo yomkhakha kudlala indima enhle ekukhuthazeni.
②Uchungechunge lwezimboni oluphakathi
I-chip ye-laser ye-semiconductor iwumthombo wokukhanya wephampu oyinhloko wezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-laser phakathi kochungechunge lwemboni, futhi idlala indima enhle ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kwama-laser aphakathi nendawo. Emkhakheni wama-laser aphakathi nendawo, i-United States, iJalimane kanye namanye amabhizinisi aphesheya ayabusa, kodwa ngemva kwentuthuko esheshayo yemboni yama-laser yasekhaya eminyakeni yamuva nje, imakethe ephakathi yochungechunge lwemboni ifinyelele ukushintshwa okusheshayo kwasekhaya.
③Uchungechunge lwezimboni olungezansi komfula
Imboni engezansi inendima enkulu ekukhuthazeni intuthuko yemboni, ngakho-ke intuthuko yemboni engezansi izothinta ngqo indawo yemakethe yemboni. Ukukhula okuqhubekayo komnotho waseShayina kanye nokuvela kwamathuba amaqhinga okuguqulwa komnotho kudale izimo zentuthuko ezingcono zokuthuthukiswa kwale mboni. IShayina isuka ezweni lokukhiqiza iye endaweni enamandla okukhiqiza, futhi ama-laser angezansi kanye nemishini ye-laser kungenye yezihluthulelo zokuthuthukisa imboni yokukhiqiza, enikeza indawo enhle yokufunwa kokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi eside kwale mboni. Izidingo zemboni engezansi zenkomba yokusebenza kwama-laser chips e-semiconductor kanye namadivayisi awo ziyanda, futhi amabhizinisi asekhaya angena kancane kancane emakethe ye-laser enamandla aphezulu esuka emakethe ye-laser enamandla aphansi, ngakho-ke imboni kumele ikhulise njalo ukutshalwa kwezimali emkhakheni wocwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha okuzimele.
2. isimo sokuthuthukiswa komkhakha we-laser ye-semiconductor
Ama-laser e-semiconductor anokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla okuhle kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zama-laser, ngakolunye uhlangothi, angasetshenziswa njengomthombo wephampu oyinhloko wama-laser e-optical fiber, ama-laser e-solid-state kanye namanye ama-laser e-optical pump. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-laser ye-semiconductor ngokuya ngokusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukukhanya, impilo yonke, ubude bamagagasi amaningi, izinga lokuguquguquka, njll., ama-laser e-semiconductor asetshenziswa kabanzi ekucubungulweni kwezinto, kwezokwelapha, ezokuxhumana kwe-optical, ekuboneni kwe-optical, ekuvikeleni, njll. Ngokusho kwe-Laser Focus World, imali engenayo yomhlaba wonke yama-laser e-diode, okungukuthi, ama-laser e-semiconductor kanye nama-laser angewona ama-diode, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingamaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-18,480 ngo-2021, kanti ama-laser e-semiconductor abalelwa ku-43% wemali engenayo iyonke.
Ngokusho kweLaser Focus World, imakethe ye-laser ye-semiconductor yomhlaba wonke izoba yizigidi ezingama-6,724 zamaRandi ngo-2020, ikhuphuke ngo-14.20% kusukela ngonyaka odlule. Ngokuthuthuka kobuhlakani bomhlaba wonke, isidingo esikhulayo sama-laser kumadivayisi ahlakaniphile, ama-electronics abathengi, amandla amasha kanye neminye imikhakha, kanye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwemishini yezokwelapha, yobuhle kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisafufusa, ama-laser e-semiconductor angasetshenziswa njengomthombo wephampu yama-laser ephampu ye-optical, futhi usayizi wemakethe yawo uzoqhubeka nokugcina ukukhula okuzinzile. Usayizi wemakethe ye-laser ye-semiconductor yomhlaba wonke ka-2021 u-$7.946 billion, izinga lokukhula kwemakethe lingu-18.18%.
Ngemizamo ehlangene yochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe kanye namabhizinisi kanye nochwepheshe, imboni ye-laser ye-semiconductor yaseShayina ifinyelele intuthuko engavamile, kangangokuthi imboni ye-laser ye-semiconductor yaseShayina ihlangabezane nale nqubo kusukela ekuqaleni, kanye nokuqala kohlobo lwemboni ye-laser ye-semiconductor yaseShayina. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iShayina yandise intuthuko yemboni ye-laser, futhi izifunda ezahlukene zizinikele ocwaningweni lwesayensi, ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe, ekuthuthukisweni kwemakethe kanye nokwakhiwa kwamapaki ezimboni ze-laser ngaphansi kobuholi bukahulumeni kanye nokubambisana kwamabhizinisi e-laser.
3. Umkhuba wentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo embonini ye-laser yaseShayina
Uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe athuthukile eYurophu nase-United States, ubuchwepheshe be-laser baseShayina abuphuzi, kodwa ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe be-laser kanye nobuchwepheshe be-core obusezingeni eliphezulu kusenesikhala esikhulu, ikakhulukazi i-upstream semiconductor laser chip kanye nezinye izingxenye ze-core zisancike ekungenisweni kwempahla.
Amazwe athuthukile amelwe yi-United States, iJalimane neJapan ngokuyisisekelo aseqede ukufaka esikhundleni ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bendabuko kwezinye izinkambu ezinkulu zezimboni futhi angene enkathini "yokukhiqiza okulula"; yize ukuthuthukiswa kwezicelo ze-laser eShayina kushesha, kodwa izinga lokungena kwezicelo lisaphansi kakhulu. Njengobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, imboni ye-laser izoqhubeka nokuba yindawo ebalulekile yokusekelwa kwezwe, futhi iqhubeke nokwandisa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa, futhi ekugcineni ikhuthaze imboni yokukhiqiza yaseShayina ibe yinkathi "yokukhiqiza okulula". Kusukela esimweni samanje sentuthuko, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-laser yaseShayina kubonisa izitayela zokuthuthukiswa ezilandelayo.
(1) I-chip ye-laser ye-semiconductor kanye nezinye izingxenye eziyinhloko kancane kancane zibona indawo
Thatha i-fiber laser njengesibonelo, umthombo wephampu ye-fiber laser enamandla aphezulu uyindawo eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kwe-semiconductor laser, i-laser chip ye-semiconductor enamandla aphezulu kanye ne-module iyisici esibalulekile se-fiber laser. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imboni ye-optical fiber laser yaseShayina isesigabeni sokukhula okusheshayo, futhi izinga lokwakheka kwendawo liyanda unyaka nonyaka.
Ngokuphathelene nokungena emakethe, emakethe ye-laser ye-fiber enamandla aphansi, isabelo semakethe sama-laser asekhaya sifinyelele ku-99.01% ngo-2019; emakethe ye-laser ye-fiber enamandla aphakathi nendawo, izinga lokungena kwama-laser asekhaya ligcinwe lingaphezu kuka-50% eminyakeni yamuva nje; inqubo yokwenziwa kwendawo yama-laser e-fiber enamandla aphezulu nayo ithuthuka kancane kancane, kusukela ngo-2013 kuya ku-2019 ukuze ifinyelele "kusukela ekuqaleni". Inqubo yokwenziwa kwendawo yama-laser e-fiber enamandla aphezulu nayo ithuthuka kancane kancane, kusukela ngo-2013 kuya ku-2019, futhi ifinyelele izinga lokungena elingu-55.56%, kanti izinga lokungena lasekhaya lama-laser e-fiber enamandla aphezulu kulindeleke ukuthi libe ngu-57.58% ngo-2020.
Kodwa-ke, izingxenye eziyinhloko ezifana nama-laser chip e-semiconductor anamandla amakhulu zisaxhomeke ekungenisweni, kanti izingxenye ezingenhla zama-laser anama-laser chip e-semiconductor njenge-core ziyakhiwa kancane kancane, okuyinto ethuthukisa izinga lemakethe lezingxenye ezingenhla zama-laser asekhaya, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokwenziwa kwendawo kwezingxenye ezingenhla, kungathuthukisa ikhono labakhiqizi be-laser basekhaya lokubamba iqhaza emncintiswaneni wamazwe ngamazwe.
(2) Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-laser zingena ngokushesha nangokubanzi
Ngokutholakala kancane kancane kwezingxenye ze-optoelectronic eziyinhloko kanye nokwehla kancane kancane kwezindleko zokusebenzisa i-laser, ama-laser azongena ngokujulile ezimbonini eziningi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, eShayina, ukucutshungulwa kwe-laser kuhambisana nezindawo eziyishumi eziphezulu zokusetshenziswa embonini yokukhiqiza yaseShayina, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi izindawo zokusetshenziswa zokucubungula i-laser zizokwandiswa kakhulu futhi isikali semakethe sizokwandiswa kakhulu esikhathini esizayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuthandwa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obufana nokushayela ngaphandle kokushayela, uhlelo lokushayela oluthuthukisiwe olusizayo, irobhothi eliqondiswe kusevisi, ukuzwa kwe-3D, njll., kuzosetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni eminingi efana nezimoto, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, ama-electronics abathengi, ukuqashelwa kobuso, ukuxhumana okubonakalayo kanye nocwaningo lokuvikela izwe. Njengedivayisi eyinhloko noma ingxenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-laser ezingenhla, i-laser ye-semiconductor izophinde ithole isikhala sokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo.
(3) Amandla aphezulu, ikhwalithi engcono yemisebe, ubude be-wavelength obufushane kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesiqondiso semvamisa esheshayo
Emkhakheni wama-laser ezimboni, ama-fiber lasers enze intuthuko enkulu maqondana namandla okukhipha, ikhwalithi ye-beam kanye nokukhanya selokhu aqala ukusetshenziswa. Kodwa-ke, amandla aphezulu angathuthukisa isivinini sokucubungula, athuthukise ikhwalithi yokucubungula, futhi andise insimu yokucubungula iye ekukhiqizeni izimboni ezisindayo, ekukhiqizeni izimoto, ekukhiqizeni izindiza, amandla, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini, i-metallurgy, ukwakhiwa kwezokuthutha zesitimela, ucwaningo lwesayensi kanye neminye imikhakha yesicelo ekusikeni, ekushiseni, ekuphathweni kobuso, njll., izidingo zamandla e-fiber laser ziyaqhubeka nokukhula. Abakhiqizi bedivayisi abahambisanayo badinga ukuthuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo ukusebenza kwamadivayisi ayinhloko (njenge-high-power semiconductor laser chip kanye ne-gain fiber), ukwanda kwamandla e-fiber laser nakho kudinga ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuguqulwa kwe-laser njengokuhlanganisa i-beam kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla, okuzoletha izidingo ezintsha nezinselele kubakhiqizi be-high-power semiconductor laser chip. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-wavelength amafushane, ama-wavelength amaningi, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-laser okusheshayo (okusheshayo) nakho kuyisiqondiso esibalulekile, esisetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-chip wesekethe ahlanganisiwe, izibonisi, ama-electronics abathengi, i-aerospace kanye nokunye ukucubungula okuncane okunembile, kanye nesayensi yokuphila, ezokwelapha, ezokuzwa kanye neminye imikhakha, i-semiconductor laser chip nayo ibeke phambili izidingo ezintsha.
(4) isidingo sezingxenye ze-laser optoelectronic ezinamandla aphezulu sokukhula okuqhubekayo
Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-laser ye-fiber enamandla aphezulu kuwumphumela wentuthuko ehambisanayo yochungechunge lwemboni, oludinga ukwesekwa kwezingxenye ze-optoelectronic eziyinhloko ezifana nomthombo wephampu, i-isolator, i-beam concentrator, njll. Izingxenye ze-optoelectronic ezisetshenziswa ku-laser ye-fiber enamandla aphezulu ziyisisekelo kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile zentuthuko nokukhiqizwa kwayo, futhi imakethe ekhulayo ye-laser ye-fiber enamandla aphezulu iphinde iqhube isidingo semakethe sezingxenye eziyinhloko ezifana nama-laser chip e-semiconductor anamandla aphezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-laser ye-fiber yasekhaya, ukushintshwa kokungenisa kuye kwaba umkhuba ongenakugwenywa, isabelo semakethe ye-laser emhlabeni sizoqhubeka nokuthuthuka, okuletha namathuba amahle amandla endawo abakhiqizi bezingxenye ze-optoelectronic.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-07-2023
