Isayensi Edumile Yemboni Ye-Laser

I. Isingeniso Embonini Ye-Laser

Njengommeleli wokukhiqiza okuthuthukile, ubuchwepheshe be-laser bubone intuthuko emangalisayo eminyakeni eyishumi edlule—Imboni ye-laser yaseShayina ikhule isuka ekubeni umkhakha omusha yaba ngumdlali omkhulu, kanti amabhizinisi aseShayina athola ukwanda okusheshayo. Uma sibheka phambili eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, imboni ye-laser yaseShayina ilungele ukuguquka isuka “enkulu” iye “esezingeni eliphezulu”.

Kusukela ngekhulu lama-20, i-laser ibilokhu idunyiswa njengenye yezinto ezisunguliwe kakhulu ngabantu, ilandela amandla e-athomu, amakhompyutha, kanye nama-semiconductor. Eyaziwa ngokuthi “ummese obukhali kakhulu,” “umbusi onembe kakhulu,” “ukukhanya okukhanyayo kakhulu,” kanye “ne-laser engavamile,” ishintshe ubuchwepheshe besimanje.

II. Umlando Wokuthuthukiswa Kwama-Laser

Kusukela ngo-1916, u-Albert Einstein wachaza ubudlelwano phakathi kokukhishwa okukhuthazwayo nokukhishwa kwama-athomu okuzenzakalelayo, okwabangela ukuqagela mayelana nokusebenzisa ama-laser ukukhulisa ukukhanya. Ngo-1958, ososayensi baseMelika baphakamisa isimiso se-laser ngokusekelwe ekubonweni kokuthi ikristalu yomhlaba engavamile ekhanyiswe yibhalbhu ye-neon ikhipha ukukhanya okunamandla, okugxile kakhulu. Lesi simiso sithi lapho izinto zivuselelwa amandla afana nemvamisa yazo yokuguquguquka kwama-molecule, zikhiqiza lokhu kukhanya okunamandla okungahlukani—i-laser.

Ngo-1960, usosayensi waseMelika uTheodore wakhiqiza i-laser yokuqala emhlabeni (ubude be-wavelength: 0.6943 microns) ngokushukumisa ikristalu le-ruby elinesibani se-flash esinamandla kakhulu. Lesi sigameko saphawula ukuguquka kwe-laser kusuka kwisayensi yethiyori kuya kwi-physics yokuhlola. Ngemva kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-laser bathuthuka ngokushesha kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, besuka esigabeni sokuhlola baya ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo futhi bathola ukuqashelwa kabanzi njengenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezisungulwe ngekhulu lama-20.

Namuhla, imishini yokucubungula i-laser etholakala kubuchwepheshe be-laser isibe ithuluzi elibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni kwansuku zonke, okusabalala emikhakheni efana nemboni yezempi, izindiza, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zikagesi, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-photovoltaic.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhlola kwabantu emkhakheni we-laser kuqhubekile nokuphula imingcele, kwafinyelela imiphumela emangalisayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-laser kuwo wonke ama-wavelength band ahlukahlukene—kufaka phakathi ama-fiber laser, ama-CO₂ laser, ama-green laser, ama-blue laser, ama-ultraviolet (UV) lasers, ama-deep ultraviolet (DUV) lasers, kanye nama-X-ray lasers—kuye kwanikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kwezicelo ezahlukahlukene zezentengiselwano, zezokwelapha, kanye nezezimboni. Ngokuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwama-wavelength e-laser, izinto ezintsha ekusetshenzisweni kwe-laser ziye zachuma, njengokusika i-laser, ukushisela i-laser, ukumakwa kwe-laser, ukumbozwa kwe-laser, kanye nokusika i-laser.

Ngentuthuko eqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe, imishini yokucubungula i-laser isibe wusizo kakhulu futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe noma ecutshungulwa yi-laser ihlanganiswe nokuphila kwabantu kwansuku zonke, ihlangana kakhulu nemikhuba yethu yansuku zonke.

III. Ukubuka Konke Kwe-Laser Industry Chain

Uchungechunge lwemboni ye-laser luqukethe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:

Umfudlana: Izinto zokwakha kanye nezingxenye, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zokulawula ezibonakalayo, ezemishini, ze-elekthronikhi, kanye nezomoya zemishini yokucubungula i-laser, kanye ne-R&D yamapulatifomu okulawula ahlobene nezinhlelo zesofthiwe.
Ukusakaza Okuphakathi: Ukukhiqizwa kwemishini yokucubungula nge-laser (ingxenye eyinhloko yochungechunge lwemboni).
Ngaphansi: Izimboni zohlelo lokusebenza, ezihlanganisa izimoto, insimbi, ukwakha imikhumbi, izindiza, ama-electronics abathengi, izinto ezithuthukisiwe, ukucubungula ama-semiconductor, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini, ubuhle bezokwelapha, kanye nemboni ye-elekthronikhi—lapho ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula i-laser busetshenziswa kabanzi.

IV. Imakethe Ye-Laser YaseShayina

Imboni Ye-Laser: Isabelo Semakethe Samabhizinisi AseShayina Kulindeleke Ukuba Siqhubeke Sikhuphuka

Iqhutshwa ukukhula komnotho okuqhubekayo kweShayina kanye nentuthuko yomkhakha wokukhiqiza, isisekelo somnotho esiqinisiwe sizothuthukisa ngokungenakugwenywa isidingo semakethe sokukhiqiza nge-laser futhi sidale izimo ezinhle zokusungula izinto ezintsha embonini. Uma sibheka phambili, imboni yemishini ye-laser yaseShayina inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa imakethe.

Njengoba isidingo sikhula ekusikeni/ekushiseleni ngamandla amakhulu, ekucubungulweni kwe-microelectronic, nasekuzweleni, isidingo semishini ye-laser yezimboni kulindeleke ukuthi siqhubeke nokukhula okuzinzile. Njengamanje, isidingo semakethe emkhakheni wokucubungula izinto sikhula ngokushesha, kuyilapho izinga lokungena kwezinhlelo ze-laser lihlala liphansi. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula i-laser bukhula futhi ukusebenza kwezindleko kuthuthuka, amathuba okufunwa kwemishini ye-laser yezimboni athembisa kakhulu.