Ukwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa kwama-keyholes:
Incazelo ye-Keyhole: Uma i-radiation ingaphezu kuka-10 ^ 6W/cm ^ 2, ingaphezulu lezinto liyancibilika futhi liyahwamuka ngaphansi kwesenzo se-laser. Lapho isivinini sokuhwamuka sikhulu ngokwanele, umfutho okhiqiziwe wokuhlehla komhwamuko wanele ukunqoba ukushuba kwamanzi okungaphezulu kanye namandla adonsela phansi oketshezi lwensimbi ewuketshezi, ngaleyo ndlela kukhiphe enye yensimbi ewuketshezi, okubangele ichibi elincibilikisiwe elisendaweni evusa amadlingozi ukuthi licwile futhi lenze imigodi emincane. ; I-beam yokukhanya isebenza ngokuqondile phansi emgodini omncane, okwenza insimbi iqhubeke incibilika futhi ifake umoya. Isitimu esinomfutho ophezulu siyaqhubeka nokuphoqa insimbi ewuketshezi engaphansi komgodi ukuthi igeleze iye ngasemngceleni wechibi elincibilikisiwe, ijulise nakakhulu imbobo encane. Le nqubo iyaqhubeka, ekugcineni yenza imbobo kakhiye efana nembobo ensimbi ewuketshezi. Lapho ukucindezela komhwamuko wensimbi okhiqizwa ugongolo lwe-laser embotsheni encane ifinyelela ekulinganeni nokushuba kwendawo kanye namandla adonsela phansi ensimbi ewuketshezi, imbobo encane ayibe isajula futhi yakha imbobo encane ezinzile, ebizwa ngokuthi “umphumela wembobo encane” .
Njengoba i-laser beam ihamba ngokuhlobene nendawo yokusebenza, imbobo encane ibonisa ingaphambili eligobile elibheke emuva kanye nonxantathu ohlanekezelwe ngokusobala ngemuva. Unqenqema olungaphambili lwembobo encane indawo yesenzo ye-laser, enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nomfutho womoya ophezulu, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa eduze konqenqema olungemuva liphansi ngokuqhathaniswa nokucindezela komhwamuko kuncane. Ngaphansi kwalo mehluko wokucindezela kanye nezinga lokushisa, uketshezi oluncibilikisiwe lugeleza luzungeze imbobo encane lusuka ekugcineni olungaphambili luye ekugcineni olungemuva, lwenze i-vortex ekugcineni kwembobo encane, bese lugcina luqina emaphethelweni angemuva. Isimo esiguquguqukayo sembobo kakhiye etholwe ngokulingiswa kwe-laser kanye nokushisela kwangempela kukhonjisiwe emfanekisweni ongenhla, Ukuma kwemigodi emincane nokugeleza koketshezi oluyizici ezincibilikisiwe phakathi nohambo ngesivinini esihlukile.
Ngenxa yokuba khona kwezimbobo ezincane, amandla e-laser beam angena ngaphakathi kwempahla, enze lo mthungo we-weld ojulile futhi omncane. I-morphology evamile ye-cross-sectional ye-laser deep penetration weld seam ikhonjisiwe esithombeni esingenhla. Ukujula kokungena komthungo we-weld kusondele ekujuleni kwembobo kakhiye (ukucacisa, ungqimba lwe-metallographic lujule ngama-60-100um kunembobo kakhiye, ungqimba olulodwa oluwuketshezi olulodwa). Ukuphakama kwe-laser energy density, imbobo encane ijula, kanye nokujula kokungena komthungo wokushisela. Ku-laser welding enamandla amakhulu, isilinganiso esiphezulu sokujula kuya kububanzi bomthungo we-weld singafinyelela ku-12:1.
Ukuhlaziywa kokumuncwa kweamandla laserngembobo kakhiye
Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwezimbobo ezincane kanye ne-plasma, amandla e-laser adluliselwa ngokuyinhloko ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza ngokusebenzisa i-thermal conduction. Inqubo yokushisela ingeye-welding conductive (ngokujula kokungena okungaphansi kuka-0.5mm), futhi izinga lokumuncwa kwe-laser liphakathi kuka-25-45%. Lapho imbobo kakhiye yakhiwe, amandla e-laser adonswa ngokuyinhloko ingaphakathi le-workpiece ngokusebenzisa umphumela we-keyhole, futhi inqubo yokushisela iba i-welding yokungena ejulile (ngokujula kokungena okungaphezu kuka-0.5mm), Izinga lokumunca lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-60-90%.
Umphumela we-keyhole udlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukumuncwa kwe-laser ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa okufana nokushisela nge-laser, ukusika, nokubhoboza. I-laser beam engena ku-keyhole cishe imuncwe ngokuphelele ngokubonisa okuningi okuvela odongeni lwembobo.
Ngokuvamile kunenkolelo yokuthi indlela yokumunca amandla ye-laser ngaphakathi kwembobo kakhiye ihlanganisa izinqubo ezimbili: ukumuncwa okuhlanekezelwe kanye nokumuncwa kweFresnel.
Ibhalansi yokucindezela ngaphakathi kwembobo kakhiye
Phakathi ne-laser deep penetration welding, i-material ithola ukuhwamuka okukhulu, futhi ingcindezi yokwandisa ekhiqizwa isitimu esinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ixosha insimbi ewuketshezi, yenze izimbobo ezincane. Ngaphezu kokucindezela komhwamuko kanye nomfutho we-ablation (owaziwa nangokuthi amandla okusabela ukuhwamuka noma ingcindezi ye-recoil) wento, kukhona futhi ukushuba kwendawo, umfutho omile we-liquid static obangelwa amandla adonsela phansi, kanye nomfutho oguquguqukayo owuketshezi odalwa ukugeleza kwezinto ezincibilikisiwe ngaphakathi. umgodi omncane. Phakathi kwalezi zingcindezi, umfutho we-steam kuphela ogcina ukuvuleka kwembobo encane, kuyilapho amanye amabutho amathathu elwela ukuvala imbobo encane. Ukuze kugcinwe ukuzinza kwe-keyhole ngesikhathi senqubo ye-welding, ukucindezela kwe-vapor kufanele kube ngokwanele ukunqoba okunye ukumelana nokufeza ukulingana, ukugcina ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwe-keyhole. Ukwenza kube lula, ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi amandla asebenza odongeni lwembobo kakhiye ikakhulukazi ingcindezi yokukhipha umoya (ingcindezi ye-metal vapor recoil) kanye nokushuba kwendawo.
Ukungazinzi kwe-Keyhole
Isendlalelo: I-laser isebenza phezu kwezinto, okwenza inani elikhulu lensimbi lihwamuke. Ingcindezi ye-recoil icindezela phansi echibini elincibilikisiwe, yenze izimbobo zokhiye kanye ne-plasma, okuholela ekwenyukeni kokuncibilika kokujula. Phakathi nenqubo yokunyakaza, i-laser ishaya odongeni lwangaphambili lwembobo kakhiye, futhi indawo lapho i-laser ithinta khona into izodala ukuhwamuka okukhulu kwento. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, udonga lwembobo kakhiye luzolahlekelwa yinqwaba, futhi ukuhwamuka kuzokwakha ingcindezi ehlehlayo ezocindezela phansi ensimbi ewuketshezi, okubangele ukuthi udonga lwangaphakathi lwembobo kakhiye luguquguquke luye phansi futhi luzungeze phansi imbobo kakhiye lubheke embotsheni kakhiye. ngemuva kwechibi elincibilikisiwe. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwechibi elincibilikisiwe eliwuketshezi ukusuka odongeni olungaphambili ukuya odongeni olungemuva, ivolumu ngaphakathi kwembobo kakhiye ishintsha njalo, Ukucindezela kwangaphakathi kwembobo kakhiye nakho kuyashintsha ngokufanele, okuholela ekushintsheni kwevolumu ye-plasma efafazwe ngaphandle. . Ukushintsha kwevolumu ye-plasma kuholela ezinguqukweni zokuvikela, ukuphindaphinda, kanye nokumuncwa kwamandla e-laser, okuholela ekushintsheni kwamandla e-laser afinyelela endaweni ebonakalayo. Yonke le nqubo iyaguquguquka futhi ngezikhathi ezithile, ekugcineni iholela ekungeneni kwensimbi emise okwesawtooth kanye ne-wavy, futhi ayikho i-weld yokungena elinganayo elinganayo, Lesi sibalo esingenhla siwumbono ohlukanisayo wesikhungo se-weld esitholwe ngokusika ubude obuhambisana ne isikhungo se-weld, kanye nesilinganiso sesikhathi sangempela sokuhlukahluka kwembobo kakhiye ngeIPG-LDD njengobufakazi.
Thuthukisa isiqondiso sokuzinza sembobo kakhiye
Phakathi ne-laser deep penetration welding, ukuzinza kwembobo encane kungaqinisekiswa kuphela ngokulinganisela okuguquguqukayo kwezingcindezi ezihlukahlukene ngaphakathi komgodi. Kodwa-ke, ukumuncwa kwamandla e-laser ngodonga lwembobo kanye nokuhwamuka kwezinto, ukukhishwa komhwamuko wensimbi ngaphandle kwembobo encane, nokuya phambili kwembobo encane nechibi elincibilikisiwe konke kuyizinqubo ezishubile futhi ezisheshayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zenqubo, ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi nenqubo yokushisela, kukhona ithuba lokuthi ukuzinza kwembobo encane kungase kuphazamiseke ezindaweni zendawo, okuholela ekushiyekeni kwe-welding. Okujwayelekile kakhulu futhi okujwayelekile yizimbotshana ezincane zohlobo lwe-porosity kanye ne-spatter ebangelwa ukugoqa kwe-keyhole;
Ngakho-ke ungayizinzisa kanjani imbobo kakhiye?
Ukuguquguquka koketshezi lwe-keyhole kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuhilela izici eziningi kakhulu (inkambu yokushisa, insimu yokugeleza, inkambu yamandla, i-optoelectronic physics), engafinyezwa kalula ibe izigaba ezimbili: ubuhlobo phakathi kokucindezeleka kwendawo kanye nokucindezela kokuhlehla komphunga wensimbi; Ukucindezela kwe-recoil of vapor metal kusebenza ngokuqondile ekukhiqizeni izimbobo zokhiye, okuhlobene eduze nokujula nomthamo wezimbobo zokhiye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengento kuphela ekhuphukayo ehamba phambili yomusi wensimbi enqubweni yokushisela, ibuye ihlobene eduze nokuvela kwe-spatter; Ukushuba kobuso kuthinta ukugeleza kwechibi elincibilikisiwe;
Ngakho-ke inqubo yokushisela nge-laser ezinzile incike ekugcineni i-gradient yokusabalalisa yokushuba kwendawo echibini elincibilikisiwe, ngaphandle kokuguquguquka okukhulu. Ukushuba kobuso kuhlobene nokusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa, futhi ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa kuhlobene nomthombo wokushisa. Ngakho-ke, umthombo wokushisa oyinhlanganisela kanye ne-swing welding yizikhombisi-ndlela zobuchwepheshe ezingaba khona zenqubo yokushisela ezinzile;
Umhwamuko wensimbi nevolumu yembobo kakhiye udinga ukunaka umphumela we-plasma kanye nosayizi wokuvuleka kwembobo yokhiye. Ukuvuleka kwesikhala esikhulu, imbobo kakhiye enkulu, kanye nokuguquguquka okunganakwa endaweni engaphansi kwechibi lokuncibilika, okunomthelela omncane uma kuqhathaniswa nevolumu yembobo kakhiye kanye nezinguquko zengcindezi yangaphakathi; Ngakho-ke i-laser yemodi yokukhala elungisekayo (indawo yonyaka), i-laser arc recombination, i-frequency modulation, njll. zonke izikhombisi-ndlela ezinganwetshwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-01-2023
