Uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bokushisela bendabuko,laser weldinginezinzuzo ezingenakuqhathaniswa ekunembeni kwe-welding, ukusebenza kahle, ukwethembeka, ukuzenzekelayo nezinye izici. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ithuthuke ngokushesha emkhakheni wezimoto, amandla, i-electronics neminye imikhakha, futhi ibhekwa njengobunye bobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuthembisayo ekhulwini lama-21.
1. Uhlolojikelele lwe-double-beamlaser welding
I-Double-beamlaser weldingukusebenzisa izindlela zokubona ukuhlukanisa i-laser efanayo ibe yimishayo yokukhanya emibili ehlukene yokushisela, noma ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zamalaser ukuze zihlanganiswe, njenge-CO2 laser, Nd: LAG laser kanye ne-high-power semiconductor laser. Konke kungahlanganiswa. Kwahlongozwa ikakhulukazi ukuxazulula ukuguquguquka kwe-laser welding ukuze kube nokunemba komhlangano, ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwenqubo yokushisela, nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-weld. I-Double-beamlaser weldingingakwazi ukulungisa kahle futhi ngokuguquguqukayo inkambu yezinga lokushisa lokushisela ngokushintsha isilinganiso samandla e-beam, isikhala se-beam, ngisho nephethini yokusabalalisa amandla emishayo ye-laser emibili, iguqule iphethini yokuba khona kwembobo kakhiye kanye nephethini yokugeleza yensimbi ewuketshezi echibini elincibilikisiwe. Inikeza ukukhetha okubanzi kwezinqubo ze-welding. It hhayi kuphela has izinzuzo ezinkululaser weldingukungena, isivinini esisheshayo nokunemba okuphezulu, kodwa futhi ifanele izinto zokwakha namajoyinti okunzima ukuwashisela ngezinto ezijwayelekile.laser welding.
Okwe-double-beamlaser welding, siqale sixoxe ngezindlela zokuqaliswa kwe-laser ye-double-beam. Izincwadi ezibanzi zibonisa ukuthi kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokufinyelela i-double-beam welding: ukugxila kokudlulisela kanye nokugxila kokuzindla. Ngokucacile, eyodwa ifinyelelwa ngokulungisa i-engeli kanye nesikhala samalaser amabili ngokusebenzisa izibuko ezigxilile nezibuko ezihambisanayo. Okunye kufezwa ngokusebenzisa umthombo we-laser bese ugxila ngezibuko ezikhanyayo, izibuko ezishintshayo kanye nezibuko ezimise okwe-wedge ukuze kuzuzwe imishayo emibili. Ngendlela yokuqala, kunezinhlobo ezintathu ikakhulukazi. Ifomu lokuqala ukuhlanganisa ama-lasers amabili ngokusebenzisa imicu yokubona bese uwahlukanisa abe yimishayo emibili ehlukene ngaphansi kwesibuko esifanayo esihambisanayo nesibuko esigxilisa ingqondo. Okwesibili ukuthi ama-laser amabili akhipha imishayo ye-laser ngokusebenzisa amakhanda abo okushisela, futhi ugongolo oluphindwe kabili lwakhiwa ngokulungisa indawo yamakhanda okushisela. Indlela yesithathu ukuthi i-laser beam iqala ukuhlukaniswa ngezibuko ezimbili 1 no-2, bese igxila izibuko ezimbili ezigxilile 3 no-4 ngokulandelanayo. Indawo nebanga phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili okugxilwe kuzo kungalungiswa ngokulungisa ama-engeli ezibuko ezimbili ezigxilile ezingu-3 no-4. Indlela yesibili ukusebenzisa i-laser yesimo esiqinile ukuhlukanisa ukukhanya ukuze kuzuzwe imishayo emibili, futhi ulungise i-engeli futhi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwesibuko sokubuka kanye nesibuko esigxilisa ingqondo. Izithombe ezimbili zokugcina kumugqa wokuqala ngezansi zibonisa isistimu ye-spectroscopic ye-CO2 laser. Isibuko esiyisicaba sithathelwa indawo isibuko esimise okwe-wedge futhi sibekwe ngaphambi kwesibuko esigxilisa ingqondo ukuze sihlukanise ukukhanya ukuze sizuze ukukhanya okubili okuhambisanayo.
Ngemva kokuqonda ukuqaliswa kwemishayo ephindwe kabili, ake sethule kafushane izimiso nezindlela zokushisela. Ku-double-beamlaser weldinginqubo, kunezinhlelo ezintathu ezivamile zemishayo, okungukuthi ukuhlelwa kwe-serial, ukuhlelwa okuhambisanayo kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-hybrid. indwangu, okungukuthi, kukhona ibanga kokubili isiqondiso Welding kanye isiqondiso Welding mpo. Njengoba kuboniswe emgqeni wokugcina wesibalo, ngokusho kobumo obuhlukene bezimbobo ezincane namachibi ancibilikisiwe avela ngaphansi kwezikhala zamabala ahlukene phakathi nenqubo yokushisela i-serial, angaphinde ahlukaniswe abe ukuncibilika okukodwa. Kunezifunda ezintathu: ichibi, ichibi elincibilikisiwe elivamile kanye nechibi elincibilikisiwe elihlukanisiwe. Izici zechibi elilodwa elincibilikisiwe kanye nechibi elincibilikisiwe elihlukanisiwe ziyefana nalezo zokungashadilelaser welding, njengoba kuboniswe kumdwebo wezinombolo zokulingisa. Kunemiphumela ehlukene yenqubo yezinhlobo ezahlukene.
Thayipha 1: Ngaphansi kwesikhala esithile sendawo, izimbobo zokhiye ezimbili zamapulangwe zakha imbobo kakhiye enkulu echibini elifanayo elincibilikisiwe; ohlotsheni 1, kubikwa ukuthi i-beam eyodwa yokukhanya isetshenziselwa ukudala imbobo encane, kanti enye insimbi yokukhanya isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-welding, okungathuthukisa ngokuphumelelayo izakhiwo zesakhiwo se-carbon steel high kanye ne-alloy steel.
Uhlobo 2: Khulisa isikhala sendawo echibini elifanayo elincibilikisiwe, hlukanisa imishayo emibili ibe izimbobo zokhiye ezimbili ezizimele, futhi ushintshe iphethini yokugeleza yechibi elincibilikisiwe; ohlotsheni lwesi-2, umsebenzi walo ulingana nokushisela okubili kwe-electron beam, Yehlisa i-weld spatter kanye nokushisela okungajwayelekile kubude bokugxila obufanele.
Thayipha 3: Ngokuqhubekayo khulisa isikhala sendawo futhi ushintshe isilinganiso samandla emishayo emibili, ukuze enye yemishayo emibili isetshenziswe njengomthombo wokushisa ukwenza inqubo yokushisela ngaphambi noma ngemva kokushisela ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, kanye nolunye ugodo. isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izimbobo ezincane. Ngohlobo lwe-3, ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi imishayo emibili yenza imbobo yokhiye, imbobo encane akulula ukudilika, futhi i-weld akulula ukukhiqiza ama-pores.
2. Umthelela wenqubo ye-welding kukhwalithi ye-welding
Umthelela wesilinganiso se-serial beam-energy ekwakhekeni komthungo wokushisela
Uma amandla e-laser engu-2kW, isivinini sokushisela singu-45 mm/s, inani le-defocus lingu-0mm, futhi isikhala se-beam singu-3 mm, ukuma kwe-weld surface lapho kushintsha i-RS (RS= 0.50, 0.67, 1.50, 2.00) kuboniswe emfanekisweni. Lapho i-RS=0.50 kanye no-2.00, i-weld iboshiwe ngezinga elikhulu, futhi kuba ne-spatter eyengeziwe onqenqemeni lwe-weld, ngaphandle kokwenza amaphethini avamile wesikali sezinhlanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma isilinganiso samandla e-beam sisincane kakhulu noma sikhulu kakhulu, amandla e-laser agxile kakhulu, okubangela ukuthi iphinikhodi ye-laser igoqeke ngokungathi sína ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, futhi ingcindezi yokuhlehla yesitimu ibangela ukuphuma nokusaphazeka kwensimbi encibilikisiwe. insimbi yechibi echibini elincibilikisiwe; Okokufaka ukushisa okudlulele kubangela ukujula kokungena kwechibi elincibilikisiwe ohlangothini lwe-aluminium alloy ukuthi kube kukhulu kakhulu, okubangela ukudangala ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla adonsela phansi. Lapho i-RS=0.67 kanye ne-1.50, iphethini yesikali senhlanzi endaweni yokushisela ifana, ukwakheka kwe-weld kuhle kakhulu, futhi akukho mifantu eshisayo ye-welding ebonakalayo, ama-pores nokunye ukukhubazeka kokushisela endaweni yokushisela. Umumo we-cross-section wama-welds anezilinganiso ezahlukene zamandla e-RS anjengoba kukhonjisiwe emfanekisweni. I-cross-section of the welds isesimweni esijwayelekile "seglasi yewayini", okubonisa ukuthi inqubo yokushisela yenziwa ngemodi ye-laser ye-penetration welding. I-RS inethonya elibalulekile ekujuleni kokungena kwe-P2 ye-weld ohlangothini lwe-aluminium alloy. Uma isilinganiso samandla e-beam RS=0.5, i-P2 ingama-microns angu-1203.2. Uma isilinganiso samandla e-beam singu-RS=0.67 kanye no-1.5, i-P2 iyancipha kakhulu, okungama-microns angu-403.3 nama-microns angu-93.6 ngokulandelanayo. Uma isilinganiso samandla e-beam singu-RS=2, ukujula kokungena kwe-weld kwesigaba esiphambanayo esihlangene singama-microns angu-1151.6.
Umthelela wesilinganiso se-parallel beam-energy ekwakhekeni komthungo wokushisela
Uma amandla e-laser engu-2.8kW, ijubane lokushisela lingu-33mm/s, inani le-defocus lingu-0mm, futhi isikhala se-beam singu-1mm, indawo yokushisela itholakala ngokushintsha isilinganiso samandla e-beam (RS=0.25, 0.5, 0.67, 1.5) , 2, 4) Ukubukeka kuboniswe emfanekisweni. Uma RS=2, iphethini yesikali sezinhlanzi endaweni yokushisela ayifani neze. Ingaphezulu le-weld elitholwe ezinye izilinganiso zamandla we-beam ezinhlanu ezihlukene zakhiwe kahle, futhi azikho iziphambeko ezibonakalayo ezifana nama-pores kanye ne-spatter. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-serial dual-beamlaser welding, i-weld surface esebenzisa imishayo emibili ehambisanayo ifana kakhulu futhi inhle. Lapho RS=0.25, kuba khona ukucindezeleka okuncane endaweni yokushisela; njengoba isilinganiso samandla e-beam sikhula kancane kancane (RS = 0.5, 0.67 no-1.5), ubuso be-weld bufana futhi akukho ukucindezeleka okwakhiwa; kodwa-ke, lapho isilinganiso samandla e-beam sikhuphuka ngokuqhubekayo (RS = 1.50, 2.00), kodwa kukhona ukucindezeleka ebusweni be-weld. Lapho isilinganiso samandla e-beam RS=0.25, 1.5 kanye no-2, umumo we-weld we-weld "ubumbeke njengengilazi yewayini"; lapho RS=0.50, 0.67 kanye no-1, umumo we-weld we-cross-sectional “umise okwefaneli”. Lapho i-RS = 4, akugcini nje ukuqhekeka okukhiqizwa phansi kwe-weld, kodwa futhi ezinye izimbotshana zenziwa phakathi nendawo ephansi ye-weld. Uma RS=2, izimbotshana ezinkulu zenqubo zivela ngaphakathi kwe-weld, kodwa akukho mifantu evelayo. Lapho i-RS = 0.5, 0.67 kanye ne-1.5, ukujula kokungena kwe-P2 ye-weld ohlangothini lwe-aluminium ingxubevange kuncane, futhi ingxenye yesiphambano se-weld yakheke kahle futhi akukho ziphambeko zokushisela ezisobala ezakhiwe. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi isilinganiso samandla e-beam ngesikhathi sokushisela i-laser ye-parallel dual-beam sinomthelela obalulekile ekungeneni kwe-weld kanye nokukhubazeka kokushisela.
I-Parallel beam - umphumela we-beam spacing ekubunjweni kwe-welding seam
Uma amandla e-laser engu-2.8kW, isivinini sokushisela singu-33mm/s, inani le-defocus lingu-0mm, kanye nesilinganiso samandla e-beam RS=0.67, sishintsha isikhala se-beam (d=0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm) ukuze kutholwe. i-weld surface morphology njengoba isithombe sibonisa. Lapho d=0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, ingaphezulu le-weld libushelelezi futhi liyisicaba, futhi umumo muhle; iphethini yesilinganiso senhlanzi ye-weld ijwayelekile futhi inhle, futhi azikho izimbotshana ezibonakalayo, imifantu kanye nezinye iziphambeko. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezine zokuhlukanisa izigxobo, i-weld surface yakheka kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho u-d=2 mm, kwakheka amashisela amabili ahlukene, okubonisa ukuthi imishayo ye-laser emibili ehambisanayo ayisasebenzi echibini elincibilikisiwe, futhi ayikwazi ukwakha i-dual-beam laser hybrid welding ephumelelayo. Uma ukuhlukaniswa kwe-beam kungu-0.5mm, i-weld "imise okwefaneli", ukujula kokungena kwe-P2 ye-weld ohlangothini lwe-aluminium alloy yi-712.9 microns, futhi akukho mifantu, izimbotshana nokunye ukukhubazeka ngaphakathi kwe-weld. Njengoba isikhala sensimbi siqhubeka sikhula, ukujula kokungena kwe-P2 kwe-weld ohlangothini lwe-aluminium alloy kuncipha kakhulu. Lapho ukuhlukaniswa kwe-beam kungu-1 mm, ukujula kokungena kwe-weld ohlangothini lwe-aluminium alloy kungama-microns angu-94.2 kuphela. Njengoba ukuhlukana kwensimbi kuyanda, i-weld ayenzi ukungena okuphumelelayo ohlangothini lwe-aluminium alloy. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukuhlukaniswa kwe-beam kungu-0.5mm, umphumela wokuhlanganisa kabusha kwe-double-beam ungcono kakhulu. Njengoba isikhala se-beam sikhula, okokufaka kokushisa kwe-welding kuncipha kakhulu, futhi umphumela wokuhlanganisa we-laser we-laser we-two-beam kancane kancane uba mubi kakhulu.
Umehluko ku-weld morphology ubangelwa ukugeleza okuhlukile kanye nokuqiniswa okupholile kwechibi elincibilikisiwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela. Indlela yokulingisa izinombolo ayikwazi nje ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwengcindezi kwechibi elincibilikisiwe kube enembile, kodwa futhi yehlise izindleko zokuhlola. Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa izinguquko echibini elincibilikayo elisemaceleni elinogongolo olulodwa, izinhlelo ezihlukene kanye nokuhlukana kwamabala. Iziphetho eziyinhloko zihlanganisa: (1) Ngesikhathi somugqa owodwalaser weldinginqubo, ukujula kwembobo yechibi elincibilikisiwe kujulile kakhulu, kukhona isenzakalo sokuwa kwembobo, udonga lwembobo aluvamile, futhi ukusatshalaliswa kwensimu yokugeleza eduze kodonga lwembobo akulingani; eduze kwendawo engemuva yechibi elincibilikisiwe Ukugeleza kabusha kunamandla, futhi kukhona ukugeleza okuya phezulu phansi kwechibi elincibilikisiwe; ukusatshalaliswa kwenkundla yokugeleza kwendawo yechibi elincibilikisiwe akufani ngokuqhathaniswa futhi kuhamba kancane, futhi ububanzi bechibi elincibilikisiwe abulingani eduze kwendlela yokujula. Kukhona ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukucindezelwa kodonga echibini elincibilikisiwe phakathi kwezimbobo ezincane ze-double-beamlaser welding, futhi ihlala ikhona eduze kwesiqondiso esijulile semigodi emincane. Njengoba ibanga eliphakathi kwemishayo emibili liqhubeka nokwanda, ukuminyana kwamandla we-beam kancane kancane kuyashintsha ukusuka esiqongweni esisodwa kuya endaweni ephakeme kabili. Kukhona inani elincane phakathi kweziqongo ezimbili, futhi ukuminyana kwamandla kuyehla kancane kancane. (2) Okwe-double-beamlaser welding, lapho ukuhlukana kwendawo kungu-0-0.5mm, ukujula kwechibi elincibilikisiwe izimbobo ezincane kuncipha kancane, futhi ukugeleza kwechibi elincibilikisiwe sekukonke kufana nalokho kwe-single-beam.laser welding; lapho isikhala sendawo singaphezu kwe-1mm, izimbobo ezincane zihlukaniswa ngokuphelele, futhi phakathi nenqubo yokushisela Cishe akukho ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-lasers amabili, okulingana nama-laser weldings amabili alandelanayo / amabili ahambisanayo e-single-beam enamandla angu-1750W. Cishe awukho umphumela wokushisa ngaphambili, futhi indlela yokugeleza kwechibi elincibilikisiwe iyafana naleyo yokushisela nge-laser ye-single-beam. (3) Lapho ukuhlukaniswa kwamabala kungu-0.5-1mm, udonga lwezimbobo ezincane luba sicaba ezinhlelweni ezimbili, ukujula kwezimbobo ezincane kuncipha kancane kancane, futhi phansi kuyahlukana kancane kancane. Ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwezimbobo ezincane nokugeleza kwechibi elincibilikisiwe elingaphezulu liku-0.8mm. Okunamandla. Mayelana ne-serial welding, ubude bechibi elincibilikisiwe buyakhula kancane kancane, ububanzi bukhulu kakhulu lapho isikhala singu-0.8mm, futhi umphumela wokushisa ubonakala kakhulu lapho isikhala singu-0.8mm. Umphumela wamandla kaMarangoni uya uba buthaka kancane kancane, futhi uketshezi oluningi lwensimbi lugelezela nhlangothi zombili zechibi elincibilikisiwe. Yenza ukusabalalisa kobubanzi be-melt kufane kakhulu. Ukuze uthole i-welding ehambisanayo, ububanzi bechibi elincibilikisiwe bukhula kancane kancane, futhi ubude bukhulu ku-0.8mm, kodwa awukho umphumela wokushisa; ukugeleza kabusha eduze kwendawo okubangelwa amandla aseMarangoni kuhlala kukhona, futhi ukugeleza okuya phansi phansi kwembobo encane kuyanyamalala kancane kancane; inkambu yokugeleza kwe-cross-sectional ayilungile njengoba Iqinile ochungechungeni, ukuphazamiseka akuthinti ukugeleza ezinhlangothini zombili zechibi elincibilikisiwe, futhi ububanzi obuncibilikisiwe busakazwa ngokungalingani.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-12-2023
