Uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bokushisela bendabuko,ukushisela nge-laserinezinzuzo ezingenakuqhathaniswa ekuqineni kokushisela, ukusebenza kahle, ukuthembeka, ukuzenzekela kanye nezinye izici. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ithuthuke ngokushesha emikhakheni yezimoto, amandla, izinto zikagesi kanye neminye imikhakha, futhi ibhekwa njengenye yezobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuthembisayo kakhulu ekhulwini lama-21.
1. Ukubuka konke kwe-double-beamukushisela nge-laser
Ugongolo oluphindwe kabiliukushisela nge-laserukusebenzisa izindlela zokukhanya ukuhlukanisa i-laser efanayo ibe yimisebe emibili yokukhanya ehlukene yokushisela, noma ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zama-laser ukuhlanganisa, njenge-laser ye-CO2, i-Nd: i-laser ye-YAG kanye ne-laser ye-semiconductor enamandla amakhulu. Konke kungahlanganiswa. Kwaphakanyiswa ikakhulukazi ukuxazulula ukuzivumelanisa nokunemba kokushisela kwe-laser nokuhlanganiswa, ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwenqubo yokushisela, nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokushisela. I-Double-beamukushisela nge-laserIngakwazi ukulungisa insimu yokushisa yokushisela kalula nangokuguquguqukayo ngokushintsha isilinganiso samandla ogongolo, isikhala sogongolo, ngisho nephethini yokusatshalaliswa kwamandla yemishayo emibili ye-laser, ishintsha iphethini yokuba khona kwe-keyhole kanye nephethini yokugeleza kwensimbi ewuketshezi echibini elincibilikisiwe. Inikeza ukukhetha okubanzi kwezinqubo zokushisela. Ayinazo nje izinzuzo ezinkuluukushisela nge-laserukungena, isivinini esisheshayo kanye nokunemba okuphezulu, kodwa futhi kufanelekile ezintweni zokwakha kanye namajoyinti okunzima ukuwashibilika ngendabukoukushisela nge-laser.
Kokubili okuphindwe kabiliukushisela nge-laser, siqale sixoxe ngezindlela zokusebenzisa i-laser enemisebe emibili. Izincwadi eziphelele zibonisa ukuthi kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokufeza ukushintshwa kwe-double-beam: ukugxila ekudluliseni kanye nokugxila ekukhanyeni. Ngokukhethekile, enye ifinyelelwa ngokulungisa i-engeli kanye nesikhala sama-laser amabili ngokusebenzisa izibuko ezigxilile kanye nezibuko ezihlanganisayo. Enye ifinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa umthombo we-laser bese ugxila ngezibuko ezibonisayo, izibuko ezidluliselayo kanye nezibuko ezimise okwe-wedge ukuze kufinyelelwe imishayo emibili. Endleleni yokuqala, kunezinhlobo ezintathu ikakhulukazi. Uhlobo lokuqala ukuhlanganisa ama-laser amabili ngemicu ye-optical bese uwahlukanisa abe yimishayo emibili ehlukene ngaphansi kwesibuko esifanayo esihlanganisayo kanye nesibuko esigxilayo. Okwesibili ukuthi ama-laser amabili akhipha imishayo ye-laser ngamakhanda awo okushintshwa, futhi kwakhiwa imishayo emibili ngokulungisa indawo yamakhanda okushintshwa. Indlela yesithathu ukuthi imishayo ye-laser iqale ihlukaniswe ngezibuko ezimbili 1 no-2, bese igxiliswa yizibuko ezimbili ezigxilayo 3 no-4 ngokulandelana. Indawo kanye nebanga phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili ezigxile kungalungiswa ngokulungisa ama-engeli ezibuko ezimbili ezigxile 3 no-4. Indlela yesibili ukusebenzisa i-laser yesimo esiqinile ukuhlukanisa ukukhanya ukuze kufezwe imisebe emibili, bese kulungiswa i-engeli kanye nesikhala ngesibuko sokubuka kanye nesibuko sokubuka. Izithombe ezimbili zokugcina emgqeni wokuqala ngezansi zibonisa uhlelo lwe-spectroscopic lwe-laser ye-CO2. Isibuko esiyisicaba sithathelwa indawo ngesibuko esimise okwe-wedge bese sibekwa phambi kwesibuko sokubuka ukuze kuhlukaniswe ukukhanya ukuze kufezwe ukukhanya okuphindwe kabili okulinganayo.
Ngemva kokuqonda ukusetshenziswa kwemishayo emibili, ake sethule kafushane izimiso nezindlela zokushisela. Kumishayo emibiliukushisela nge-laserinqubo, kunezindlela ezintathu ezivamile zokuhlelwa kwemisebe, okungukuthi ukuhlelwa kwe-serial, ukuhlelwa okuhambisanayo kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-hybrid. Indwangu, okungukuthi, kukhona ibanga kokubili ohlangothini lokushisela kanye nohlangothi oluqondile lokushisela. Njengoba kuboniswe emgqeni wokugcina wesithombe, ngokwezimo ezahlukene zezimbobo ezincane namachibi ancibilikisiwe avela ngaphansi kwesikhala esihlukene ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela ye-serial, angahlukaniswa kabanzi abe yi-single melts. Kunezimo ezintathu: ichibi, ichibi elincibilikisiwe elivamile kanye nechibi elincibilikisiwe elihlukanisiwe. Izici zechibi elincibilikisiwe elilodwa kanye nechibi elincibilikisiwe elihlukanisiwe lifana nalezo ze-singleukushisela nge-laser, njengoba kuboniswe kumdwebo wokulingisa ngezinombolo. Kunemiphumela ehlukene yenqubo yezinhlobo ezahlukene.
Uhlobo 1: Ngaphansi kwesikhala esithile sendawo, izimbobo ezimbili zokhiye zakha imbobo enkulu evamile echibini elifanayo elincibilikisiwe; ngohlobo 1, kubikwa ukuthi imbobo eyodwa yokukhanya isetshenziselwa ukudala imbobo encane, kanti enye imbobo yokukhanya isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kokushisa nge-welding, okungathuthukisa ngempumelelo izakhiwo zensimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu kanye nensimbi ye-alloy.
Uhlobo 2: Khulisa isikhala sendawo echibini elifanayo elincibilikisiwe, hlukanisa imishayo emibili ibe yizimbobo ezimbili ezizimele, bese ushintsha iphethini yokugeleza kwechibi elincibilikisiwe; ngohlobo 2, umsebenzi walo ulingana nokushisela imisebe emibili yama-electron, Kunciphisa ukuchitheka kwe-weld kanye nokushisela okungajwayelekile ngobude obufanele be-focal.
Uhlobo 3: Khulisa isikhala sendawo futhi ushintshe isilinganiso samandla semishayo emibili, ukuze enye yemishayo emibili isetshenziswe njengomthombo wokushisa ukwenza ukucubungula kwangaphambi kokushisela noma ngemva kokushisela ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, kanti enye imishayo isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imigodi emincane. Ohlotsheni 3, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi imishayo emibili yakha imbobo yokhiye, imbobo encane akulula ukuyidiliza, futhi i-weld akulula ukuyikhiqiza imigodi.
2. Ithonya lenqubo yokushisela ekhwalithini yokushisela
Umphumela wesilinganiso se-serial beam-energy ekwakhekeni komthungo wokushisela
Uma amandla e-laser engu-2kW, isivinini sokushisela singama-45 mm/s, inani le-defocus liyi-0mm, kanti isikhala se-beam singu-3 mm, ukuma kobuso be-weld lapho kushintsha i-RS (RS= 0.50, 0.67, 1.50, 2.00) kunjengoba kuboniswe esithombeni. Uma i-RS=0.50 kanye ne-2.00, i-weld iyafiphala ngezinga elikhulu, futhi kukhona ukuchitheka okwengeziwe onqenqemeni lwe-weld, ngaphandle kokwenza amaphethini ajwayelekile esikali sezinhlanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho isilinganiso samandla e-beam sincane kakhulu noma sikhulu kakhulu, amandla e-laser agxile kakhulu, okwenza imbobo ye-laser inyakaze kakhulu ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, futhi ingcindezi yokubuyela emuva kwe-steam ibangela ukukhishwa kanye nokuchitheka kwensimbi ye-chili encibilikisiwe echibini elincibilikisiwe; Ukufakwa kokushisa ngokweqile kubangela ukujula kokungena kwechibi elincibilikisiwe ohlangothini lwe-aluminium alloy kube kukhulu kakhulu, okubangela ukucindezeleka ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla adonsela phansi. Uma i-RS=0.67 kanye ne-1.50, iphethini yesikali senhlanzi ebusweni be-weld iyafana, isimo se-weld sihle kakhulu, futhi akukho ukushiswa okubonakalayo okuqhekeka okushisayo, ama-pores kanye nezinye izinkinga zokushiswa ebusweni be-weld. Izimo zesigaba esiphambene sama-welds anezilinganiso ezahlukene zamandla e-beam RS zinjengoba kuboniswe esithombeni. Ingxenye ephambene yama-welds isesimweni "sengilazi yewayini" esijwayelekile, okubonisa ukuthi inqubo yokushiswa yenziwa ngemodi yokushiswa ejulile ye-laser. I-RS inethonya elibalulekile ekujuleni kokungena kwe-P2 kwe-weld ohlangothini lwe-aluminium alloy. Uma isilinganiso samandla e-beam RS=0.5, i-P2 ingu-1203.2 microns. Uma isilinganiso samandla e-beam singu-RS=0.67 kanye no-1.5, i-P2 incishiswa kakhulu, okungama-micron angu-403.3 kanye nama-micron angu-93.6 ngokulandelana. Uma isilinganiso samandla e-beam singu-RS=2, ukujula kokungena kwe-weld kwesigaba esihlangene esiphambene singu-1151.6 microns.
Umphumela wesilinganiso se-parallel beam-energy ekwakhekeni komthungo wokushisela
Uma amandla e-laser engu-2.8kW, isivinini sokushisela singama-33mm/s, inani le-defocus lingu-0mm, kanti isikhala se-beam singu-1mm, ubuso be-weld butholakala ngokushintsha isilinganiso samandla e-beam (RS=0.25, 0.5, 0.67, 1.5, 2, 4) Ukubukeka kuboniswe esithombeni. Uma i-RS=2, iphethini yesikali senhlanzi ebusweni be-weld ayijwayelekile. Ubuso be-weld obutholwe ezinye izilinganiso zamandla e-beam ezinhlanu ezahlukene bakheke kahle, futhi azikho iziphambeko ezibonakalayo njenge-pores kanye ne-spatter. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-serial dual-beamukushisela nge-laser, ubuso bokushisela obusebenzisa imisebe emibili ehambisanayo bufana kakhulu futhi buhle kakhulu. Uma i-RS=0.25, kuba nokugoba okuncane ku-weld; njengoba isilinganiso samandla okubopha sikhula kancane kancane (RS=0.5, 0.67 kanye no-1.5), ubuso bokushisela buyafana futhi akukho ukugoba okwakheka; noma kunjalo, lapho isilinganiso samandla okubopha sikhula ngokwengeziwe (RS=1.50, 2.00), kodwa kukhona ukugoba ebusweni bokushisela. Uma isilinganiso samandla okubopha RS=0.25, 1.5 kanye no-2, ukuma kwesigaba esiphambene se-weld “kunjengengilazi yewayini”; uma i-RS=0.50, 0.67 kanye no-1, ukuma kwesigaba esiphambene se-weld “kunjengefunnel”. Uma i-RS=4, akuzona nje izimfa ezakhiswa phansi kwe-weld, kodwa futhi nezinye izimfa zakhiswa engxenyeni ephakathi nengezansi ye-weld. Uma i-RS=2, kuvela izimfa ezinkulu zenqubo ngaphakathi kwe-weld, kodwa akukho zimfa ezivelayo. Uma i-RS=0.5, 0.67 kanye no-1.5, ukujula kokungena kwe-P2 kwe-weld ohlangothini lwe-aluminium alloy kuncane, futhi ingxenye ephambene ye-weld yakheke kahle futhi akukho ziphambeko ezisobala zokushisela ezakhiwe. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi isilinganiso samandla ogongolo ngesikhathi sokushisela i-laser esiphindwe kabili esihambisanayo sinomthelela obalulekile ekungeneni kwe-weld kanye neziphambeko zokushisela.
Ugongolo oluhambisanayo – umphumela wesikhala sogongolo ekwakhekeni komthungo wokushisela
Uma amandla e-laser engu-2.8kW, isivinini sokushisela singama-33mm/s, inani le-defocus lingu-0mm, kanye nesilinganiso samandla e-beam RS=0.67, shintsha isikhala se-beam (d=0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm) ukuze uthole isimo se-weld surface njengoba isithombe sibonisa. Uma i-d=0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, ubuso be-weld bubushelelezi futhi buyisicaba, futhi ukuma kuhle; iphethini yesikali senhlanzi ye-weld ijwayelekile futhi inhle, futhi azikho izimbobo ezibonakalayo, imifantu nezinye iziphambeko. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezine ze-beam space, ubuso be-weld buyenziwe kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma i-d=2 mm, kwakheka ama-weld amabili ahlukene, okubonisa ukuthi ama-laser beam amabili ahambisanayo ayisasebenzi echibini elincibilikisiwe, futhi awakwazi ukwakha i-laser hybrid welding esebenza kahle. Uma isikhala semisebe singu-0.5mm, i-weld "imise okwe-funnel", ukujula kokungena kwe-P2 kwe-weld ohlangothini lwe-aluminium alloy kungama-microns angu-712.9, futhi akukho mifantu, ama-pores nezinye izinkinga ngaphakathi kwe-weld. Njengoba isikhala semisebe siqhubeka nokukhula, ukujula kokungena kwe-P2 kwe-weld ohlangothini lwe-aluminium alloy kwehla kakhulu. Uma isikhala semisebe singu-1 mm, ukujula kokungena kwe-weld ohlangothini lwe-aluminium alloy kungama-microns angu-94.2 kuphela. Njengoba isikhala semisebe sanda kakhulu, i-weld ayikhi ukungena okusebenzayo ohlangothini lwe-aluminium alloy. Ngakho-ke, lapho isikhala semisebe singu-0.5mm, umphumela wokuphinda kabili kwe-beam ungcono kakhulu. Njengoba isikhala semisebe sanda, ukufakwa kokushisa kwe-welding kwehla kakhulu, futhi umphumela wokuphinda kabili kwe-laser we-two-beam uba mubi kancane kancane.
Umehluko ekubunjweni kwe-weld ubangelwa ukugeleza okuhlukile kanye nokuqina kokupholisa kwechibi elincibilikisiwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela. Indlela yokulingisa ngezinombolo ayikwazi nje ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kokucindezeleka kwechibi elincibilikisiwe kube lula, kodwa futhi inciphise izindleko zokuhlola. Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa izinguquko echibini elincibilikisiwe eliseceleni elinogongolo olulodwa, amalungiselelo ahlukene kanye nesikhala samachashaza. Iziphetho eziyinhloko zifaka: (1) Ngesikhathi sogongolo olulodwaukushisela nge-laserinqubo, ukujula komgodi wechibi elincibilikisiwe kujule kakhulu, kukhona isimo sokuwa kwembobo, udonga lwembobo alujwayelekile, futhi ukusatshalaliswa kwensimu yokugeleza eduze kodonga lwembobo akulingani; eduze kobuso bangemuva bechibi elincibilikisiwe Ukugeleza kabusha kunamandla, futhi kukhona ukugeleza kabusha phezulu phansi kwechibi elincibilikisiwe; ukusatshalaliswa kwensimu yokugeleza kwechibi elincibilikisiwe elingaphezulu kuyafana futhi kuhamba kancane, kanti ububanzi bechibi elincibilikisiwe abulingani ngasendleleni yokujula. Kukhona ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukucindezela kokubuyela emuva kodonga echibini elincibilikisiwe phakathi kwezimbobo ezincane ezigodini ezimbiliukushisela nge-laser, futhi ihlala ikhona ngasekujuleni kwemigodi emincane. Njengoba ibanga eliphakathi kwemishayo emibili liqhubeka nokukhula, ubuningi bamandla bomsebe bushintsha kancane kancane kusuka esicongweni esisodwa kuya esimweni sokuphakama okuphindwe kabili. Kukhona inani elincane phakathi kweziqongo ezimbili, futhi ubuningi bamandla buyancipha kancane kancane. (2) Komsebe ophindwe kabiliukushisela nge-laser, uma isikhala sendawo singu-0-0.5mm, ukujula kwemigodi emincane yechibi elincibilikisiwe kwehla kancane, futhi ukuziphatha kokugeleza kwechibi elincibilikisiwe sekukonke kufana nokwe-single-beam.ukushisela nge-laser; uma isikhala sendawo singaphezu kuka-1mm, imigodi emincane ihlukaniswa ngokuphelele, futhi ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela Akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-laser amabili, okulingana nokushisela kwe-laser okubili okulandelanayo/okubili okuhambisanayo okunamandla angu-1750W. Cishe akukho mphumela wokushisa kwangaphambili, futhi ukuziphatha kokugeleza kwechibi elincibilikisiwe kufana nokweshisela kwe-laser okuncibilikisiwe okukodwa. (3) Uma isikhala sendawo singu-0.5-1mm, ubuso bodonga lwemigodi emincane buthambile kulezi zinhlelo ezimbili, ukujula kwemigodi emincane kwehla kancane kancane, kanti phansi kuyahlukana kancane kancane. Ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwemigodi emincane nokugeleza kwechibi elincibilikisiwe elingaphezulu kungama-0.8mm. Okunamandla kakhulu. Kokushisela okulandelanayo, ubude bechibi elincibilikisiwe buyanda kancane kancane, ububanzi bube bukhulu kakhulu uma isikhala sendawo singu-0.8mm, futhi umphumela wokushisa kwangaphambili usobala kakhulu lapho isikhala sendawo singu-0.8mm. Umphumela wamandla eMarangoni uba buthaka kancane kancane, futhi uketshezi lwensimbi oluningi lugeleza kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zechibi elincibilikisiwe. Yenza ukusatshalaliswa kobubanzi bokuncibilikisa kube okufanayo. Ngokushisela okuhambisanayo, ububanzi bechibi elincibilikisiwe buyanda kancane kancane, kanti ubude buphezulu bungu-0.8mm, kodwa akukho mphumela wokushisa kwangaphambili; ukugeleza kabusha eduze kobuso okubangelwa amandla eMarangoni kuhlala kukhona, futhi ukugeleza kabusha phansi komgodi omncane kuyanyamalala kancane kancane; insimu yokugeleza enqamulayo ayilungile njengoba Iqinile ngokulandelana, ukuphazamiseka akuthinti ukugeleza kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zechibi elincibilikisiwe, futhi ububanzi obuncibilikisiwe busatshalaliswa ngokungalingani.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-12-2023
