1.1 Ukushisela Nge-Laser Kuthatha Umthombo Ophakathi Wemboni, Kunamathuba Okukhula Angcono Kunokusika Nokumaka
Imishini yokushisela nge-laseritholakala phakathi nochungechunge lwezimboni. Ingxenye ephezulu yochungechunge lwemboni ye-laser ihlanganisa izinto ezibonakalayo, izingxenye namadivayisi okukhanya, izingxenye zemishini, njll. Ingxenye ephakathi iqukethe ama-laser nemishini ye-laser. Ama-laser ayizingxenye eziyinhloko zemishini ye-laser, kanti imishini yokucubungula i-laser ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi ukusika i-laser, ukushisela i-laser, kanye nemishini yokumaka i-laser. Amasimu angezansi ahlanganisa kakhulu amabhethri e-lithium, ama-semiconductor, ama-photovoltaics, ama-electronics asetshenziswayo, njll.
Imakethe ye-laser inamandla amakhulu, lapho izinhlelo zokusebenza zibusa khona ngama-laser e-fiber, kuyilapho ama-laser e-solid-state afanelekela ukusebenza kahle kwe-micro-machining. Ngokwezibalo ze-Laser Focus World, usayizi wemakethe ye-laser yomhlaba wonke ukhuphuke kusuka ku-$13.07 billion ngo-2017 kuya ku-$16.01 billion ngo-2020, nge-CAGR engu-13.37%. Uma kuqhathaniswa, imakethe ye-laser yase-China ikhule kusuka ku-$6.95 billion ngo-2017 kuya ku-$10.91 billion ngo-2020, nge-CAGR engu-16.22%. Kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2020, isabelo se-China semakethe ye-laser yomhlaba wonke sikhuphuke kusuka ku-53.2% saya ku-68.1%. Ngo-2020, ama-laser ezimboni abalelwa ku-32.2% wemakethe ye-laser yomhlaba wonke, okwenza umkhakha wezimboni ube yisicelo esiyinhloko esingezansi. Njengoba ihlukaniswe nge-gain medium, ama-laser afaka kakhulu ama-laser e-fiber, ama-laser e-solid-state (ngaphandle kwama-laser e-fiber), ama-laser e-liquid, kanye nama-laser e-gas. Ngo-2020, ama-fiber lasers nama-solid-state lasers abalelwa ku-52.7% kanye no-16.7%izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-laser zezimboni, ngokulandelana, ngama-fiber laser abusa ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-fiber laser, ama-solid-state laser anezinzuzo ezifana namandla aphezulu kanye nezindawo ezincane ezithintekile ekushiseni, okwenza afaneleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-micro-machining.
Ama-laser e-YAG kanye nama-fiber laser ngayinye inamandla ayo. Ama-laser e-YAG angama-solid-state laser ane-YAG crystal matrix. Izinzuzo zawo zifaka: ① ikhono lokushisela ngamaphuzu amaningi ngasikhathi sinye noma ngokwabelana ngesikhathi; ② amandla aphezulu, afanelekela ukushisela amabala; ③ izindleko eziphansi, anikeza inzuzo yezindleko, njll. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-fiber laser, ama-YAG laser anezikhala ezithile zekhwalithi ye-beam kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yamandla aphansi e-fiber lasers, awanayo izinzuzo ezibalulekile ngaphezu kwama-YAG lasers ekushiseleni. Kuye ngezimo ezithile zokusetshenziswa, womabili ama-YAG kanye nama-fiber lasers angasetshenziswa ekushiseleni ibhethri lamandla.
Ukusika, ukushisela, kanye nokumaka kuyizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-laser zezimboni. Ngo-2020, ukusika, ukushisela, kanye nokumaka kwakungu-40.62%, 13.52%, kanye no-12.6% wemakethe yesicelo se-laser, ngokulandelana. Ngemva kokukhula okusheshayo kusukela ngo-2014 kuya ku-2017, imishini yokusika i-laser manje ibhekene nokuncintisana okukhulu kwamanani ngenxa yokwanda kwabancintisani. Ukumaka kuyisicelo se-laser esivuthiwe esinemakethe ezinzile. Sizuza ekukhuleni kweukushisela nge-laser okuphathwa ngesandlakanye nokuchuma okukhulu kwamabhethri kagesi angaphansi, uhlelo lokusebenza lokushisela kulindeleke ukuthi lugcine ukukhula okuphezulu eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusika nokumaka, ukushisela nge-laser kunezidingo zobuchwepheshe eziphakeme. Ukushisela nge-laser kunomlando omfushane wokuthuthukiswa kunokusika nokumaka nge-laser, futhi ubunzima benqubo nakho bukhulu. Ukushisela nokumaka nge-laser kusebenzisa ama-laser ukubhubhisa ubuso noma isakhiwo sonke sezinto, kuyilapho ukushisela nge-laser kusebenzisa ama-laser ukuncibilikisa nokwakha kabusha izakhiwo zezinto. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezinto, uma kuqhathaniswa nokubhujiswa okulula kwesakhiwo, kudinga amazinga aphezulu ama-laser namasu okucubungula.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisela kwendabuko, ukushisela nge-laser kunezinzuzo ezibalulekile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisela kwendabuko kokumelana, ukushisela nge-arc, kanye nokushisela nge-electron beam, ukushisela nge-laser kunikeza izinzuzo ezifana nesivinini esikhulu, ukuguqulwa okuncane, izidingo eziphansi zemvelo, ubuningi bamandla aphezulu, ukungavikeleki kuma-magnetic field, ukusetshenziswa ezintweni ezingezona ezihambisa umoya, asikho isidingo sendawo yokuhlanza, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-X-ray ngesikhathi sokushisela. Kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kokunemba okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zamandla amasha kanye nezimboni zamabhethri kagesi. Amabhethri kagesi ahilela amaphuzu amaningi okushisela anezidingo ezinzima kakhulu kanye nokunemba. Izinzuzo ezihlukile zokushisela nge-laser zingathuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha kwebhethri, ukuthembeka, ukuhambisana, ukunciphisa izindleko, nokwandisa impilo yesevisi.
Imakethe yemishini yokushisela nge-laser ikhula ngokushesha. Kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2020, imakethe yemishini yokushisela nge-laser yaseShayina ikhule isuka kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-38.2 yaya kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-69.2, nge-CAGR engu-15.79%. Uma kuqhathaniswa, imakethe yemishini yokushisela nge-laser yaseShayina yanda isuka kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.17 yaya kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-11.05, nge-CAGR engu-27.59%, idlula ukukhula okuphelele kwemishini yokushisela nge-laser.
II. Izici Zemishini Yokushisela Nge-Laser
- Ukunemba Okuphezulu: Ugongolo lwe-laser lunendawo encane kakhulu, okuvumelaukushisela okunembe kakhulu. Ilungele imikhiqizo edinga ukunemba okuphezulu kokushisela, njengezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi namadivayisi ezokwelapha.
- Isivinini Esiphezulu: Ukushisela nge-laser kuyashesha, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokushisela zendabuko, kungaqeda inani elikhulu lemisebenzi yokushisela ngesikhathi esifushane.
- Indawo Encane Ethintekile Ekushiseni: Ukushisela nge-laser kunciphisa umonakalo wokushisa ezintweni ngenxa yendawo yayo encane ethintekile ekushiseni. Lokhu kusho ushintsho oluncane ezimpahleni zezinto ngemva kokushisela, okugcina ukusebenza kahle kwemishini kanye nekhwalithi yokubukeka.
- Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Okuqinile: Imishini yokushisela nge-laser ingashisela izinto ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinsimbi, ipulasitiki, kanye nobumba. Ukuze kushiselwe izinto ezahlukene, kudingeka kulungiswe amapharamitha e-laser kuphela.
- Ukuzenzakalela Okuphezulu: Imishini yokushisela nge-laser ingahlanganiswa nemishini ezenzakalelayo ukuze kufezwe ukukhiqizwa okuzenzakalelayo, okungagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kodwa futhi kunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi kanye nokuqina.
3.1 Izinkambu Zokusetshenziswa Kokushisela Nge-Laser
Ubuchwepheshe bokushisela nge-laser busetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini eziningi ngenxa yokunemba kwayo okuphezulu, isivinini, kanye nokuguquguquka. Nazi izinkambu zokusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko:
- Imboni Yezimoto: Ukushisela nge-laser kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izimoto, ikakhulukazi ekwakheni umzimba. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi abakhiqizi bezimoto abangaphezu kuka-80% emhlabeni wonke basebenzisa ukushisela nge-laser ukushisela isakhiwo somzimba ukuze bathuthukise ukuqina nokukhanya. Kusetshenziswa nasekukhiqizweni kwezingxenye zenjini, izinhlelo zokukhipha umoya, kanye nezinhlelo ze-airbag.
- Izindiza: Ezindiza, ukushisela nge-laser kuyaziswa ngenxa yekhono layo lokuhlinzeka ngokuxhumeka okunamandla aphezulu. Kusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ama-fuselage ezindiza, izakhiwo zamaphiko, kanye nezingxenye zezindiza ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho besakhiwo kanye nokukhanya okulula. Imibiko ikhombisa ukuthi ukushisela nge-laser kunganciphisa isisindo sezindiza ngo-20% ngenkathi konga izindleko.
- Amadivayisi Ezokwelapha: Ukushisela nge-laser kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezinembile ezenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali kanye ne-titanium alloys. Kwenza kube nokushisela okungenakungcola, okunembe kakhulu, okuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlanzeka okuqinile kanye nokunemba kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha.
- Imboni Yezinto Eziphathekayo: Kuzinto eziphathekayo, ukushisela nge-laser kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukupakisha amasekethe ahlanganisiwe, amadivayisi e-semiconductor, kanye namadivayisi e-optoelectronic. Indawo yayo encane ethintekile ekushiseni inciphisa umonakalo wokushisa ezingxenyeni ezibucayi ze-elekthronikhi, okwenza isetshenziswe kabanzi ekuhlanganisweni kwe-elekthronikhi okunobuningi obukhulu.
- Amathuluzi Okunemba: Ekukhiqizeni amathuluzi okunemba, ukushisela nge-laser kusetshenziswa emawashini, ubucwebe, nezinye izimpahla zokunethezeka ngenxa yekhono layo lokufeza ukunemba okuphezulu,ukushisela kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Kuqinisekisa ukubukeka okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwale mikhiqizo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-12-2025
