Kokubili ukushisela imisebe ye-laser kanye nokushisela i-arc sekuyisikhathi eside kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni, futhi kuvumela ukusetshenziswa okubanzi emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa izinto. Inqubo ngayinye inezindawo zayo ezithile zokusetshenziswa, njengoba kuchazwe yizinqubo zomzimba zokuthuthwa kwamandla kuya endaweni yokusebenza kanye nokugeleza kwamandla okungatholakala. Amandla adluliselwa kusuka emthonjeni womsebe we-laser kuya ezintweni ukuze kucutshungulwe ngokusebenzisa imisebe ehlangene ye-infrared enamandla aphezulu, kusetshenziswa ikhebula le-fibre-optic. I-arc idlulisela ukushisa okudingekayo ukuze kushiselwe ngokusebenzisa ugesi ophezulu ogeleza endaweni yokusebenza ngekholomu ye-arc. Imisebe ye-laser iholela endaweni encane kakhulu ethintekile ekushiseni enesilinganiso esikhulu sokujula kokushisela kuya kububanzi bomthungo (umphumela wokushisela okujulile). Amandla okuvala igebe lenqubo yokushisela i-laser aphansi kakhulu, ngenxa yobubanzi bayo obuncane bokugxila, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi ingafinyelela isivinini esikhulu sokushisela. Inqubo yokushisela i-arc inobuningi bamandla obuphansi kakhulu, kodwa ibangela indawo enkulu yokugxila ebusweni bendawo yokusebenza futhi ibonakala ngesivinini esisheshayo sokucubungula. Ngokuhlanganisa zombili lezi zinqubo, ukusebenzisana okuwusizo kungafinyelelwa. Ekugcineni, lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukufeza izinzuzo zekhwalithi kanye nezinzuzo zobunjiniyela bokukhiqiza, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko okuthuthukisiwe. Le nqubo inikeza izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithakazelisayo nezikhangayo ngokomnotho, kokubili embonini yezimoto, ikakhulukazi ngoba ukubekezelelana okuphezulu kuvunyelwe kuma-weldments, amazinga aphezulu okujoyina angenzeka, futhi imingcele emihle kakhulu yemishini/yobuchwepheshe ingafinyelelwa.
1. Isingeniso:
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ungahlanganisa kanjani ukukhanya kwe-laser kanye ne-arc enqubweni yokushisela ehlanganisiwe kusukela ngawo-1970, kodwa isikhathi eside ngemva kwalokho, akukho msebenzi owengeziwe wokuthuthukisa owenziwayo. Muva nje, abacwaningi baphendule ukunaka kwabo kulesi sihloko futhi bazama ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo ze-arc nalezo ze-laser, enqubweni yokushisela ehlanganisiwe. Nakuba ezinsukwini zokuqala, imithombo ye-laser kwakusadingeka ifakazele ukuthi iyafaneleka ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini, kulezi zinsuku iyimishini yobuchwepheshe ejwayelekile emabhizinisini amaningi okukhiqiza.
Ukuhlanganiswa kokushisela nge-laser nenye inqubo yokushisela kubizwa ngokuthi “inqubo yokushisela nge-hybrid”. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umsebe we-laser kanye ne-arc kusebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa endaweni eyodwa yokushisela, futhi kuthintana futhi kusekelane.
2. I-Laser:
Ukushisela nge-laser akudingi nje kuphela amandla aphezulu e-laser kodwa futhi nomsebe wekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze kutholakale “umphumela wokushisela okujulile” ofiselekayo. Ikhwalithi ephezulu yomsebe ephumelayo ingasetshenziswa ukuthola ububanzi obuncane bokugxila noma ibanga elikhulu lokugxila.
Kumaphrojekthi okuthuthukiswa aqhubekayo njengamanje, kusetshenziswa i-laser eqinile epompelwe isibani enamandla okukhanya kwe-laser angu-4 kW. Ukukhanya kwe-laser kudluliswa ngefayibha yengilazi engu-600 µ m.
Ukukhanya kwe-laser kudluliselwa ngefayibha yengilazi, lapho isiqalo nesiphetho sipholiswa khona ngamanzi. Ugongolo lwe-laser lufakwa engxenyeni yokusebenza nge-focussing module enebanga eliqondile elingu-200 mm.
3. Inqubo ye-Laser Hybrid:
Ukuze kufakwe izingcezu zomsebenzi zensimbi, umsebe we-laser we-Nd:YAG ugxile emandleni angaphezu kuka-106W/cm2. Lapho umsebe we-laser ushaya ubuso bezinto, ushisa le ndawo kuze kufike ekushiseni kokuhwamuka, bese kwakheka umgodi womusi ensimbini yokushisisa ngenxa yomhwamuko wensimbi ophumayo. Isici esihlukanisayo somsebe wokushisisa isilinganiso sawo esiphakeme sokujula nobubanzi. Ubuningi bokugeleza kwamandla kwe-arc evutha ngokukhululekile bungaphezu kancane kuka-104 W/cm2. Isithombe 1 sibonisa isimiso esiyisisekelo sokushisisa okuhlanganisiwe. Umsebe we-laser
Okuboniswe lapha kunikeza ukushisa ensimbini yokushisela engxenyeni ephezulu yomthungo, ngaphezu kokushisa okuvela ku-arc. Ngokungafani nokucushwa okulandelanayo lapho izinqubo ezimbili ezihlukene zokushisela zisebenza ngokulandelana, ukushisela okuhlanganisiwe kungabhekwa njengenhlanganisela yezinqubo zombili zokushisela ezisebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa endaweni yenqubo efanayo. Kuye ngokuthi iyiphi inqubo ye-arc noma ye-laser esetshenziswayo, kanye namapharamitha enqubo, izinqubo zizothintana ngezinga elihlukile nangezindlela ezahlukene [1, 2].
Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwenqubo ye-laser kanye nenqubo ye-arc, kukhona nokwanda kokujula kokungena kwe-weld kanye nesivinini sokushisela (uma kuqhathaniswa nanoma iyiphi yezinqubo ezisetshenziswa zodwa). Umhwamuko wensimbi ophuma emgodini womoya usebenza emuva ku-plasma ye-arc. Ukumuncwa kwemisebe ye-laser ye-Nd:YAG ku-plasma yokucubungula kuhlala kuncane. Kuye ngokuthi yisiphi isilinganiso samandla amabili afakiwe akhethiwe, uhlobo lwenqubo iyonke lunganqunywa ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane kungaba yi-laser noma yi-arc [3,4].
Umfanekiso 1: Ukumelwa kwesikimu: Ukushisela kwe-LaserHybrid
Ukumuncwa kwemisebe ye-laser kuthonywa kakhulu izinga lokushisa lendawo yokusebenza. Ngaphambi kokuba inqubo yokushisela nge-laser iqale, ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kumele kuqale kunqotshwe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ze-aluminium. Lokhu kungafezwa ngokuqala ukushisela ngohlelo olukhethekile lokuqala. Ngemva kokuba izinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka selifinyelelwe, kwakheka umgodi womusi, okuphumela ekutheni cishe wonke amandla emisebe angafakwa endaweni yokusebenza. Amandla adingekayo kulokhu anqunywa ukumuncwa okuncike ekushiseni kanye nenani lamandla alahlekile.
ngokuqhutshwa kwayo yonke ingxenye yokusebenza. Ekushiseni kwe-LaserHybrid, ukuhwamuka kwenzeka hhayi kuphela ebusweni bengxenye yokusebenza kodwa futhi nasocingweni lokugcwalisa, okusho ukuthi kunomusi wensimbi omningi otholakalayo, okwenza kube lula ukufaka imisebe ye-laser. Lokhu futhi kuvimbela ukuyeka kwenqubo [5, 6, 7, 8, 9].
4. Isicelo sezimoto:
Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe befreyimu yesikhala, kungenzeka ukunciphisa isisindo ngo-43% uma kuqhathaniswa nomzimba wemoto yensimbi.
Isithombe 2: Umqondo wohlaka lwesikhala se-Audi A2
Uhlaka lwe-Audi A2 Space luqukethe i-Laser engu-30 m (imichilo ephuzi esithombeni 2) kanye nobude be-MIG weld obungu-20 m. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusetshenziswa nama-rivets angu-1700.
Isithombe 3: Ukuqhathaniswa kwamaphrofayili kanye namasu okujoyina ku-Audi-A2
Isithombe 4 sibonisa i-LaserHybrid welded joint ye-ALMg3 cast material ene-AlMgSi sheet material. Intambo yokugcwalisa iyi-AlSi5 kanti igesi yokuvikela esetshenziswayo yi-Argon. Ngamandla e-laser akhulayo, ukungena okujulile kungenzeka. Ukuhlanganisa i-laser beam ne-arc ngale ndlela kufeza ichibi elikhulu lokushisela kunenqubo yokushisela i-laser beam ngokwayo. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukushisela izingxenye ezinezikhala ezibanzi.
Isithombe 4: Ilunga elihambisanayo elinesikhala esingu-0.5 mm
Embonini yezimoto kunezindlela eziningi zokufaka i-overlap welding ngaphandle kokulungiselela amalunga. Okwamanje, inqubo yesimanje yalo msebenzi wokushisela inqubo yokushisela nge-laser enentambo yokugcwalisa ebandayo, ngenxa yokuqhekeka okushisayo kwe-AA 6xxx alloy. Uma i-joint ishiselwe ngentambo yokugcwalisa, amandla amaningi e-laser azolahleka ukuze kuncibilikiswe leyo ntambo yokugcwalisa.
Isithombe esilandelayo simelela umehluko phakathi kokushisela kwe-LaserHybrid kanye ne-Laser esibayeni esihambisanayo esinejubane lokushisela elingu-2.4m/min. Endabeni yokushisela kwe-laser, akunakwenzeka ukugcwalisa i-weld bead, futhi kukhiqizwa i-undercut. Futhi, kukhona ukungena okuncane kakhulu ezintweni eziyisisekelo. Ububanzi be-weld bead buncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuzolindeleka amandla aphansi okunamathela. Endabeni yokushisela kwe-LaserHybrid,
Izinto ezengeziwe zithuthwa ziyiswe echibini lokushisela. I-undercut igcwaliswa ngocingo oluvela enqubweni ye-MIG, futhi ingxenye yamandla e-laser manje isigciniwe. Lawa mandla e-laser agciniwe angasetshenziswa ukwandisa ukungena kwezinto eziyisisekelo futhi ububanzi be-weld bead bukhulu kunobukhulu bezinto, obudingekayo kusukela ekulingiseni kwezinombolo.
Umfanekiso 5 Ukuqhathaniswa phakathi kwe-LaserHybrid kanye ne-Laser welding ngaphandle kwentambo yokugcwalisa
Ngenqubo yokushisela ye-LaserHybrid kungenzeka ukushisela izinto ze-Aluminium, izinsimbi kanye nezinsimbi ezingagqwali kusukela ekujikeni kwezinto ezifika ku-4 mm. Uma ukujiya kuphakeme kakhulu, ukungena okugcwele akunakwenzeka. Ukuze uhlanganise izinto ezimbozwe yi-Zinc, kungcono futhi ukusebenzisa inqubo yokushisela ye-laser.
Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimotweni yizitimela zamandla, ama-axle kanye nemizimba yezimoto, lapho inqubo yokushisela nge-laser hybrid ingafaneleka khona.
Ikhanda lokushisela:
Ikhanda lokushisela kufanele libe nobukhulu obuncane bejometri, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufinyeleleka okuhle ezingxenyeni ezizoshiselwa, ikakhulukazi ensimini yomzimba ozenzakalelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele liklanywe ukuze livumele kokubili uxhumano olufanele olususwayo ekhanda lerobhothi kanye nokulungiswa kwezinguquko zenqubo njengebanga eliqondile, kanye namabanga okuma kwesibani kuzo zonke izixhumanisi zeCartesian. Isithombe 5 sibonisa ikhanda lokushisela, ngenkathi inqubo isebenza. Ukuchitheka okwenzeka ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela kuholela ekwandeni kokungcoliswa kwengilazi evikelayo. Ingilazi ye-quartz imbozwe nhlangothi zombili ngezinto ezivimbela ukukhanya futhi ihloselwe ukuvikela uhlelo lwe-laser optical ekulimaleni.
Kuye ngezinga lokungcola, ukuchitheka okuqongelelekayo engilazini kungabangela ukuthi amandla e-laser athinta umsebenzi anciphe ngamaphesenti angama-90%. Ukungcolisa okunzima ngokuvamile kuholela ekubhujisweni kwengilazi evikelayo, njengoba ingxenye enkulu yamandla akhanyayo imuncwa yingilazi uqobo, okubangela ukucindezeleka kokushisa engilazini. Ngaleyo nhloko yokushisela kanye nemishini yokushisela, kungenzeka ukuyisebenzisa ekushiseni kwe-LaserHybrid, ekushiseni kwe-laser, ekushiseni kwe-MSG kanyeUkushiswa kwentambo okushisayo kwe-laser.
Isithombe 6: Ikhanda lokushisela kanye nenqubo
5. Izinzuzo zokushisela nge-Laser Hybrid:
Izinzuzo ezilandelayo zivela ekuhlanganisweni kwe-arc kanye ne-laser beam: Izinzuzo zokushisela i-LaserHybrid ngaphezu kokushisela i-laser:
• ukuzinza kwenqubo okuphezulu
• ukukwazi ukubhidlika okuphezulu
• ukungena okujulile
• izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali eziphansi
• ukuguquguquka okukhulu
Izinzuzo zokushisela nge-LaserHybrid ngaphezu kokushisela nge-MIG:
• isivinini esiphezulu sokushisela
• ukungena okujulile ngesivinini esiphezulu sokushisela
• okokufaka okuphansi kokushisa
• amandla aphezulu okucindezela
• imithungo emincane yokushisela
Isithombe 7: Izinzuzo zokuhlanganisa lezi zinqubo ezimbili
Inqubo yokushisela i-arc ibonakaliswa umthombo wamandla oshibhile, ikhono elihle lokubhidliza kanye nesikhungo sokuthonya isakhiwo ngokungeza izinsimbi zokugcwalisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izici ezihlukanisayo zenqubo yokushisela i-laser, ukujula okukhulu kokushisela, isivinini esikhulu sokushisela, umthwalo ophansi wokushisa kanye nezikhala ezincane zokushisela ezifinyelelwayo. Ngaphezu kobuningi be-beam ethile, i-laser beam ikhiqiza "umphumela wokushisela okujulile" ezintweni zensimbi okuvumela izingxenye ezinobukhulu obukhulu bodonga ukuthi zishiselwe - uma nje amandla e-laser ephezulu ngokwanele. Ngakho-ke ukushisela i-Laser Hybrid kwenza isivinini esikhulu sokushisela, ukuzinza kwenqubo ngenxa yokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-arc kanye ne-laser beam, ukusebenza kahle kokushisa okwandisiwe kanye nokubekezelelana okukhulu kwezingcezu zomsebenzi. Ngenxa yokuthi ichibi lokushisela lincane kunenqubo ye-MIG, kunokufakwa okuncane kokushisa ngakho-ke indawo encane ethinteke ukushisa. Lokhu kusho ukushisela okuncane
ukuphambuka, okunciphisa inani lomsebenzi wokuqondisa ngemva kokushiswa okudingeka wenziwe.
Lapho kunezindawo ezimbili ezihlukene zokushisela, ukufakwa kokushisa okulandelayo okuvela ku-arc kusho ukuthi ugongolo lwe-laser - indawo eshisele - ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngensimbi - lunikezwa ukwelashwa kokushisa ngemva kokushisela, okusabalalisa amanani obulukhuni ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke umthungo. Isithombe 6 sifingqa izinzuzo zenqubo ehlanganisiwe (okungukuthi i-hybrid).
Manje uma sibheka izinzuzo zezomnotho zokushisela okuxubile kunokushisela nge-laser, kungenziwa lezi zitatimende ezilandelayo: Umthungo wokushisela uqukethe ingxenye yokushisela nge-laser kanye nengxenye yokushisela nge-MIG. Inqubo yokushisela yenza kube nokwenzeka ukunciphisa amandla ogongolo lwe-laser, okusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla komthombo we-laser kungancishiswa kakhulu, njengoba idivayisi yogongolo lwe-laser isebenza kahle ngo-3% kuphela. Ngamanye amazwi: Ukwehla kwe-1 kW emandleni ogongolo lwe-laser okuthinta umsebenzi kuholela ekunciphiseni cishe i-35 kVA emandleni asetshenziswayo avela kumapayipi kagesi.
Idivayisi yomshini wokukhanyisa nge-laser ibiza cishe ama-EUR angu-0.1 m nge-1 kW ngayinye.amandla ogongolo lwe-laserIsibonelo esisodwa nje, esimweni lapho ukusetshenziswa kwenqubo ye-hybrid kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa idivayisi ye-laser beam engu-2 kW esikhundleni senye enamandla e-4 kW ye-beam, lokhu kuholela ekongeni imali engu-EUR 0.2 m ezindlekweni zokutshalwa kwezimali. Kodwa-ke, kumelwe kukhunjulwe lapha ukuthi ngenqubo ye-hybrid, kuzodingeka umshini we-MIG obiza cishe u-EUR 20,000.
Ngenxa yesivinini esiphezulu sokushisela, kokubili izikhathi zokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko zokushisela zingancishiswa.
6. Ukubopha nge-LaserHotwire:
Enye indlela yokuhlanganisa umsebe we-laser nentambo yokugcwalisa inqubo ye-LaserHotwire [10]. Kule nqubo intambo yokugcwalisa ishiswa ngomthombo wamandla ofanayo, ongasetshenziswaInqubo yokushisela ye-Laser Hybrid. Intambo yokugcwalisa inomthwalo wamanje kusukela ku-100 A kuya ku-220 A. Isivinini sokuphakelwa kwentambo sincike engxenyeni evundlile ye-brazing bead kanye nesivinini se-brazing. I-Brazing inikeza, ngenani lensimbi yokugcwalisa, izinto zokubumba ezingaqedwa kalula kunezithungo zokushisela ezifanayo. Ngokushisela izingxenye zeshidi, umsebenzi wokulungisa ungenziwa ngendlela elula kunokuba bekuyoba njalo ngamajoyinti ashisiwe. Enye inzuzo ye-LaserHotwire brazing ukumelana okuhle nokugqwala kwendawo eshisiwe.
Njengezinsimbi zokugcwalisa, kusetshenziswa ama-alloy ashibhile asekelwe ethusi njenge-SG-CuSi3 futhi i-Argon isebenza njengegesi yokuvikela.
Isithombe 8: Ukumelwa kwesimisoUkushiswa kwentambo okushisayo kwe-laser:
Isithombe esilandelayo sibonisa ingxenye evundlile yento eboshwe ngentambo ye-Laser Hot. Izinto ezimbozwe nge-zinc ziboshwe ngesivinini esingu-3 m/min kanti intambo yokugcwalisa inomthwalo wamanje ongu-205 A. Ukufakwa kokushisa kuphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuphambuka okuphansi kuwumphumela wenqubo ye-brazing.
7. Isifinyezo:
Ukushisela i-Laser Hybrid ubuchwepheshe obusha ngokuphelele obunikeza ukusebenzisana kwemikhakha ebanzi yokusetshenziswa ezimbonini zokusebenza ngensimbi, ikakhulukazi lapho kungenzeki noma kungenzeki ngokwezimali ukufeza ukubekezelelana kwezingxenye okudingekayo ukuzeukushisela imisebe ye-laserUbubanzi obukhulu bokusetshenziswa kanye nekhono eliphezulu lenqubo ehlanganisiwe kuholela ekuncintisaneni okuthuthukisiwe maqondana nokunciphisa izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali, izikhathi zokukhiqiza ezimfushane, izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi kanye nokukhiqiza okuphezulu.
Inqubo ye-LaserHybrid iphinde inikeze indlela entsha yokushisela i-aluminium. Kodwa-ke, inqubo ezinzile engasetshenziswa ekusebenzeni isivele yenzeka muva nje, ngenxa yamandla aphezulu okukhipha atholakalayo ama-laser aqinile. Izifundo eziningi zihlole izisekelo zezinqubo zokushisela i-laser-arc-hybrid. Ngokuthi "inqubo yokushisela i-hybrid", sisho ukuhlanganiswa kokushisela i-laserbeam kanye nenqubo yokushisela i-arc, ngendawo eyodwa yenqubo eyodwa (i-plasma kanye nokuncibilika). Izifundo zocwaningo eziyisisekelo zikhombisile ukuthi inqubo ingenzeka lapho - ngokuhlanganisa lezi zinqubo ezimbili - kungafinyelelwa khona ukusebenzisana futhi izinkinga zenqubo ngayinye ehlukile zingakhokhelwa, okuholela emathubeni athuthukisiwe okushisela, ukushisela kanye nokuthembeka kokushisela kwezinto eziningi ezahlukene kanye nokwakhiwa. Ikakhulukazi, lokhu kuye kwaboniswa ngama-alloy e-aluminium. Ngokukhetha amapharamitha enqubo afanele, kungenzeka ukuthi kuthonywe ngokukhetha izakhiwo zokushisela njenge-geometry kanye nokwakheka kwesakhiwo. Inqubo yokushisela i-arc ikhulisa ukukwazi ukubhidlika ngokungeza insimbi yokugcwalisa; inquma futhi ububanzi bokushisela kanye nomthungo ngaleyo ndlela inciphise inani lokulungiswa komsebenzi okudingekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisana okwenzeka phakathi kwezinqubo kuholela ekwandeni okukhulu kokusebenza kahle kwenqubo. Le nqubo yokuhlanganisa idinga nezindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali ezincane kakhulu kunenqubo yokushisela nge-laser.
Inqubo yokubhoboza ucingo lwe-Laser Hot ingasetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezimbozwe yi-zinc ukuze zithole ukumelana okuhle kokugqwala.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-18-2025
