Emazweni athuthukile anezimboni zokukhiqiza imishini ethuthukile, cishe u-50% wenani eliphelele lomkhiqizo livela emabhizinisini ahlobene nokushisela. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuncintisana emakethe, abakhiqizi bafuna kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nezindleko zomkhiqizo eziphansi. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokushisela, izindlela ezahlukahlukene ezifana nokusebenzisa imingcele yokushisela engavamile,ukushisela okuhlanganisiwe, ukushisela okunezintambo eziningi noma okunezingqimba eziningi, kanye nezintambo zokushisela ezithuthukisiwe zingasetshenziswa. Lezi zinqubo zokushisela ezithuthukisiwe zithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kokushisela, zasetshenziswa kabanzi, futhi zaba negalelo elibalulekile kuubuchwepheshe bokushisela obuthuthukayo.

Njengoba singena ekhulwini lama-21, ngentuthuko esheshayo yesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukushisela okusebenzayo kakhulu kuye kwathola ukunakwa okwandayo futhi sekuyindlela yokuthuthukiswa kocwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokushisela ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngaphambilini, ekushiseleni okusebenzayo kakhulu, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokushisela kwakuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthuthukiswa kokushisela okuzenzakalelayo kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokushisela obusebenza kahle kakhulu, kanye nokushisela okushesha kakhulu nomaukushisela kwesilinganiso esiphezulu sokufakwasekuyindlela yokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ubuchwepheshe bokushisela obusebenza kahle kakhulu” empeleni kubhekisela eqoqweni lobuchwepheshe obufana nokushisela okusheshayo, ukushisela okunamandla okufakwayo, kanye nokushisela okunamandla okusebenzisa ukushisela okuphezulu.

(1) Izindlela Zokuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kahle Kokushisela

Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kokushisela kuhlanganisa izici ezimbili: esinye ukushisela okunezinga eliphezulu lokufakwa okuhloswe ukwandisa izinga lokuncibilika kwezinto zokushisela, okudinga ukuncibilikisa izinto zokushisela ezengeziwe ngeyunithi ngayinye isikhathi, okusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukushisela amapuleti amakhulu, ngesilinganiso sokufakwa esifinyelela ku-30 ​​kg/h; esinye ukushisela okunejubane eliphezulu okuhloswe ukwandisa ijubane lokushisela, okuyindawo yokuqala eyisisekelo ukukhulisa ugesi wokushisela ngenkathi kwandiswa ijubane lokushisela ukuze kugcinwe ukushisa kokushisela okungashintshi, okusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukushisela amapuleti amancane, ngesivinini sokushisela esiphindwe kathathu kuya kasishiyagalombili kunesokushisela okujwayelekile kwegesi ye-CO₂.

Kusukela ocwaningweni lwamanje kanye nokuthuthukiswa kanye nesimo sokusetshenziswa kokukhiqiza, kunezindlela ezilandelayo zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ngokushisela:

• Thuthukisa isivinini esikhulu sokuncibilika kwentambo ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela ehlukene yamagesi okuvikela ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokufakwa kwe-welding.
• Sebenzisa imithombo yokushisa ehlanganisiwe ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokushisela, njengokushisela okuhlanganisiwe kwe-laser-arc, ukushisela okuhlanganisiwe kwe-laser-plasma arc, njll.
• Sebenzisa ukuphakelwa kwezintambo eziningi noma ukuphakelwa kwezintambo ezishisayo ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kokushisela, njengokushisela kwegesi okuvikelwe yizintambo ezimbili (noma izintambo eziningi), ukushisela kwe-arc okucwiliswe yizintambo eziningi, ukushisela kwegesi okuvikelwe yizintambo ezishisayo, njll.
• Sebenzisa izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezihlukile zezinto ezisebenzayo ukuze uthuthukise ikhono lokungena kwe-arc, unciphise usayizi we-weld cross-sectional, futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwe-welding, njengokushisela kwe-A-TIG, inqubo ye-A-Laser, njll.
• Nciphisa usayizi womsele ukuze unciphise indawo yokushisela futhi unciphise inani lensimbi efakiwe, njengokushisela igebe elincane.
• Sebenzisa ama-waveform akhethekile okukhipha imithombo yamandla okushisela ukuze wandise isivinini sokushisela.

Njengamanje, incazelo yomhlaba wonke ye-ukushisela igesi esebenzayo yensimbi (MAG) esebenza kahle kakhulu(bheka i-DVS-No.0909-1) ithi: ngentambo enobubanzi obungu-1.2mm, ukushisela kwe-MAG ngesivinini sokuphakelwa kwentambo esingaphezu kuka-15m/min noma izinga lokufakwa elingaphezu kuka-8kg/h kubizwa ngokuthi ukushisela kwe-MAG okusebenzayo kakhulu. Ukusebenza kahle kokufakwa kokushisela kwe-MAG okusebenzayo kakhulu kungafinyelela ku-20kg/h.

(2) Izinto Zokushisela ze-MAG Ezisebenza Kakhulu

Njengamanje, phakathi kwezindlela zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokufakwa kwe-MAG welding, esetshenziswa kabanzi ukufaka izintambo eziqinile esikhundleni sezintambo ezine-flux-core zokushisela. Ukusebenzisa izintambo ezine-metal-core nge-iron powder kungandisa ukusebenza kahle kokufakwa ngaphezu kuka-50% uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo eziqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulungisa ukwakheka kwegesi yokuvikela kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokufakwa kwentambo.

• Izintambo eziqinile zifanelekela ububanzi obungu-1.0-1.2mm. Izintambo ezincane kakhulu kunzima ukuzivumelanisa nokusetshenziswa kwezintambo okusheshayo ngenxa yokuqina okunganele; kuyilapho izintambo ezinobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-1.2mm zingelula ukukhiqiza ukudluliselwa kwe-arc okujikelezayo okuzinzile ngisho nangaphansi kwamandla kagesi aphezulu.
• Izintambo ezine-flux-core zingathatha ububanzi obungu-1.2-1.6mm. Zombili izintambo ezine-metal-core kanye ne-slag-forming flux-core zingafinyelela ukushisela kwe-MAG okusebenzayo kakhulu ngamapharamitha amakhulu okushisela. Ikakhulukazi izintambo ezine-metal-core, ngenxa yesilinganiso esiphezulu sokugcwalisa i-metal powder (kufika ku-45%), uma usebenzisa i-metal-core enobubanzi obungu-1.6mm enepharamitha yokushisela yamanje wokushisela angu-380A kanye ne-voltage yokushisela engu-38V, izinga lokuncibilika kwentambo lingafinyelela ku-9.6kg/h.

Ukudluliselwa kwamaconsi ezintambo ezinezinsika zensimbi kufana nokwezintambo eziqinile. Izintambo ezinezinsika ze-Flux zingashintshwa ngendlela yokudluliselwa kwesifutho okuvamile kanye nokudluliselwa kwe-short-circuit okusheshayo, kodwa azikwazi ukukhiqiza ukudluliselwa kwe-arc okujikelezayo. Isivinini esiphezulu sokuphakelwa kwezintambo ezinezinsika ze-rutile flux singafinyelela ku-30m/min, kanti umkhawulo ophezulu wesivinini sokuphakelwa kwezintambo zezintambo eziyisisekelo ezinezinsika ze-flux cishe u-45m/min, ngesilinganiso sokuncibilika kwentambo esifinyelela ku-20kg/h.

(3) Izinhlobo Zokudluliselwa Kwamaconsi Ekushiseni Kwe-MAG Okusebenza Kakhulu

Ekushiseni kwe-MAG okuvamile, njengoba ugesi ukhuphuka, ifomu lokudlulisa amaconsi liyashintsha kusukela ekudlulisweni kwe-short-circuit, ukudluliselwa kwe-globular kuya ekudlulisweni kwe-spray. Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukwakheka okuhle kwe-weld, umkhawulo wamandla okudlulisa amaconsi ungaba ngu-400A.

Ekushiseni kwe-MAG okunezinga eliphezulu lokufakwa, ngokusebenzisa ngokuphelele izakhiwo zomzimba zamagesi okuvikela anezingxenye eziningi nokwandisa ngokufanele isandiso sentambo, isivinini sokuncibilika kwentambo singandiswa kakhulu ebangeni lamandla aphezulu kanye neliphezulu le-MAG welding engavamile, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, isimo sokudlulisa amaconsi siphinde sibhekane nezinguquko ezibalulekile. Izinhlobo zayo eziyisisekelo yilezi: ukudluliselwa kwesifutho okuvamile, ukudluliselwa kwe-short-circuit okusheshayo, ukudluliselwa kwesifutho okujikelezayo, kanye nokudluliselwa kwesifutho okushesha kakhulu.

• I-arc evamile yokudlulisa isifutho: Emkhakheni we-ukushisela okusheshayo, isivinini sokuphakelwa kwentambo se-arc yokudlulisa isifutho sisebangeni elingu-15-20m/min.
• I-arc yokudlulisa i-short-circuit yesivinini esiphezulu: I-arc yokudlulisa i-short-circuit eshesha kakhulu itholakala ngokunciphisa i-voltage yokushisela nokwandisa isandiso esomile ngaphakathi kwebanga lesivinini sokuphakelwa kwentambo esingu-15-20m/min. Ngenxa yokwanda kwesandiso esomile ku-40mm, ukuphela kwentambo kuyathamba bese kuqala ukujikeleza, nge-offset engu-1-2mm ukusuka ku-axis yentambo. I-wire ejikelezayo ephetha ikhiqiza ukudluliselwa kwe-short-circuit okuvamile kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ze-weld.
• I-arc yokudlulisa isifutho ejikelezayo: I-arc ejikelezayo ikhiqizwa lapho ukuphela kwentambo kuthanjiswa ngamandla kagesi aphezulu futhi kuphambukiswa ngamandla e-arc. Kuzintambo ezinobubanzi obungu-1-2mm, isivinini sokudla kwentambo siyadingeka ukuze sifinyelele ku-25m/min noma ngaphezulu, kanti amandla kagesi okushisela alingana nawo angaba ngu-450A. Ukuphambuka okuphelele kokuphela kwentambo ekhululekile kusuka ku-axis yentambo kungamamilimitha amaningana, okungabonakala ngeso lenyama ngesikhathi sokushisela.
• I-arc yokudlulisa isifutho esheshayo: Ibonakala ngokudluliselwa kwe-axial kwamaconsi, ngesivinini sokudla ngentambo esingaphezu kwama-20m/min, kanti usayizi weconsi cishe ulingana nobubanzi bentambo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokudluliselwa kweconsi ngakunye kwe-arc, le nqubo inomphumela omuhle kakhulu. Inqubo yokuhlukanisa amaconsi iphinda ngendlela efanayo, futhi umsebe we-plasma omncane, ogxilile, nokhazimulayo uyisici se-arc yokudlulisa isifutho esheshayo. Lapho ukuphela kwentambo okuthambile kwehla, ubude be-arc buyancipha futhi ikholomu ye-arc ye-plasma iyanwebeka, bese kwakheka ibhuloho eliwuketshezi phakathi kweconsi elincibilikisiwe kanye nokuphela kwentambo. Ibhuloho eliwuketshezi licindezelwa njalo ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla okugoba kagesi, okwenza i-arc ibe banzi. Lapho ibhuloho eliphakathi kokuphela kwentambo kanye neconsi liba lincane ngokwanele, i-plasma yakhiwa nxazonke kwebhuloho. Ngesikhathi lapho ibhuloho liphuka, i-arc yokudlulisa isifutho esheshayo iyaqala kabusha, yakha kabusha i-plasma jet encane negxilile. Nge-arc yokudlulisa isifutho esheshayo, ngenxa yokuma kokungena okujulile kodwa okuncane, impande ye-weld ayikwazi ukugcwaliswa ngokuphelele ngensimbi encibilikisiwe.