Isichazi Sesayensi | Ukukhanya Okukodwa Kokukhanya Kokuhlanzeka! Umshini Wokuhlanza Nge-Laser

Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laser buhilela ukukhanyisela indawo yokusebenza ngomsebe we-laser onamandla aphezulu ukuze kushiswe noma kususwe ukungcola, amabala okugqwala, noma ukumbozwa ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela kususwe ngempumelelo amadiphozithi ongaphezulu futhi kufezwe umphumela wokucubungula ohlanzekile. Isihlanzi se-laser yidivayisi esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-laser ukususa ukungcola kongaphezulu; sikhipha umsebe we-laser onamandla amakhulu ukuze kubangele ukuhwamuka noma ukuhwamuka kokungcola.

Isizinda Sobuchwepheshe

Izindlela zokuhlanza zendabuko zifaka phakathi ukuhlanza ngomshini, ukuhlanza ngamakhemikhali, kanye nokuhlanza nge-ultrasonic, konke okubhekene nemikhawulo emikhulu ekusetshenzisweni kokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu. Ngawo-1980, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ukugxila umsebe we-laser onamandla aphezulu ezindaweni ezingcolile zento kubangela uchungechunge lwezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-physicochemical—kufaka phakathi ukudlidliza, ukuncibilika, ukuhwamuka, kanye nokusha—okususa ngempumelelo ukungcola ebusweni; le ndlela yaziwa ngokuthiukuhlanzwa nge-laser.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuhlanza zendabuko, izinhlelo zokuhlanza nge-laser zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi: ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuthinta, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanza, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukucubungula okusheshayo, ukuphepha, kanye nobungane bemvelo. Zifaneleka kakhulu ekuhlanzeni izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ezibucayi ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo, zinciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuhlanza futhi zithuthukise umkhiqizo; ngaphezu kwalokho, azikhiqizi imfucuza, ngaleyo ndlela zinciphise izindleko zokusebenza.

isimiso sokusebenza

Ii-laser evuvukileikhiqiza ama-pulse anamandla aphakathi kuya kwaphezulu, adluliselwa nge-fiber optical kuya ku-shaping module. Lawa ma-pulse abonakaliswa yi-galvanometer yokuskena ene-axis eyodwa noma ene-axis ekabili futhi aqondiswe kungqimba olungcolile ebusweni bomsebenzi, ehlanza ngempumelelo ama-deposit anamathele njengokugqwala, upende, amabala kawoyela, izikali ze-oxide, kanye nokumbozwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhwamuka, ukuncibilika kwe-photo, ukubola kwe-photo, kanye nemiphumela yokudlidliza kwe-photo.

Ama-laser, kanye nemishayo yama-electron kanye nemishayo yama-ion, abizwa ngokuthi imishayo enamandla aphezulu. Isici sawo esivamile ukuthi imishayo ithwala amandla aphezulu kakhulu esikhaleni; ngokugxila, amandla okukhanya avela ku-10⁴ kuya ku-10¹⁵ W/cm² angatholakala eduze kwendawo yokugxila, okwenza abe imithombo yokushisa enamandla kakhulu. Ama-laser abonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu, isiqondiso esinamandla, i-monochromaticity enhle kakhulu, kanye nokuhambisana okuphezulu. Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswa i-nozzle: i-nozzle encane evulekayo ehambisana ne-laser iqondisa igesi ecindezelwe endaweni yokuhlanza. Igesi inikezwa umthombo osizayo, osebenza ngokuyinhloko ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwelensi kusuka ekuqhekekeni nasezinhlayiyeni, ukuhlanza ubuso be-workpiece, nokuthuthukisa ukusebenzisana kokushisa phakathi kwe-laser nezinto.

izici zokusebenza

Ukuhlanzwa nge-laser yezimbonikuyinqubo esebenzisa umsebe we-laser ukukhanyisa indawo eqinile nokususa izinto ezingafuneki. Ngokumunca amandla avela kumsebe we-laser, izinto eziqondiwe (ungqimba olungaphezulu oluzosuswa) ziyashiswa ngokushesha, okubangela ukuba ziphele noma zibe mnandi kakhulu. I-substrate engaphansi ihlala ingashintshi njengoba imunca amandla angelutho. Ngokulawula ngokunembile ukugeleza kokukhanya kwe-laser, ubude be-wavelength, kanye nobude be-pulse, inani lezinto ezisusiwe nge-pulse ngayinye ye-laser lingalawulwa ngokunemba okuphezulu.

Izinzuzo kanye nezinzuzo

Ukuhlanzwa nge-laser kuqeda isidingo sanoma yiziphi izinyibilikisi zamakhemikhali noma izinto ezisetshenziswayo, okwenza kube nobungane emvelweni futhi kuphephe ukusebenza, ngezinzuzo eziningi:

1. Inobungani nemvelo – ayidingi ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali noma izixazululo zokuhlanza;

2. Imfucuza yokuhlanza ngokuyinhloko iqukethe izimpushana eziqinile, ezincane ngobuningi futhi kulula ukuziqoqa nokuzisebenzisa kabusha;

3. Ukuhlanzwa kwentuthu kadoti kudonswa kalula futhi kucutshungulwe, kusebenza ngamazinga aphansi omsindo, futhi akulimazi impilo yabantu;

4. Ukuhlanza okungenakuthintana ngaphandle kwemithombo eseleyo kanye nokungcola kwesibili;

5. Ivumela ukuhlanza okukhethiwe ngaphandle kokulimaza isisekelo;

6. Akukho ukusetshenziswa koketshezi olusebenzayo oludingekayo; izindleko zikagesi kuphela ezibangelwa izindleko zokusebenza nezokulungisa eziphansi.

7. Kulula ukuzenzakalela, kunciphisa ukuqina kwabasebenzi;

8. Ifanele izindawo noma izindawo okunzima ukuzifinyelela, kanye nezindawo eziyingozi noma eziyingozi.