Indlela yokushisela i-dual-beam ihlongozwayo, ikakhulukazi ukuxazulula ukuguquguquka kwelaser weldingukunemba komhlangano, uthuthukise ukuzinza kwenqubo yokushisela, futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi ye-weld, ikakhulukazi i-welding plate encane kanye ne-aluminium alloy welding. I-laser welding ephindwe kabili ingasebenzisa izindlela zokubona ukuhlukanisa i-laser efanayo ibe yimishayo emibili ehlukene yokukhanya yokushisela. Ingase futhi isebenzise izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zamalaser ukuhlanganisa, i-CO2 laser, Nd:YAG laser kanye ne-high-power semiconductor laser. zingahlanganiswa. Ngokushintsha amandla e-beam, isikhala se-beam, ngisho nephethini yokusabalalisa amandla emishayo emibili, inkambu yokushisa yokushisela ingalungiswa kalula futhi kalula, iguqule iphethini yokuba khona kwezimbobo kanye nephethini yokugeleza kwensimbi ewuketshezi echibini elincibilikisiwe. , ukuhlinzeka ngesisombululo esingcono senqubo yokushisela. Isikhala esikhulu sokuzikhethela asinakuqhathaniswa ne-single-beam laser welding. Ayinayo nje kuphela inzuzo yokungena kwe-laser welding enkulu, isivinini esisheshayo nokunemba okuphezulu, kodwa futhi inokuguquguquka okukhulu kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo namajoyinti okunzima ukushisela nge-laser welding evamile.
Isimiso sei-laser welding ephindwe kabili
I-Double-beam welding kusho ukusebenzisa imishayo ye-laser emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela. Ukuhlelwa kwemishayo, ukuhlukaniswa kwemishayo, i-engeli phakathi kwemishayo emibili, indawo okugxilwe kuyo kanye nesilinganiso samandla semishayo emibili zonke izilungiselelo ezifanele ekushiseleleni i-laser eyi-double-beam. ipharamitha. Ngokuvamile, phakathi nenqubo yokushisela, ngokuvamile kunezindlela ezimbili zokuhlela imishayo ephindwe kabili. Njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni, enye ihlelwe ngochungechunge eduze kwesiqondiso se-welding. Lolu hlelo lunganciphisa izinga lokupholisa lechibi elincibilikisiwe. Yehlisa ukuthambekela kokuqina kwe-weld kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-pores. Okunye wukuhlela eceleni noma ngokuphambana ezinhlangothini zombili ze-weld ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuguquguquka kwesikhala sokushisela.
Umgomo wokushisela we-laser we-double beam
I-Double-beam welding kusho ukusebenzisa imishayo ye-laser emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela. Ukuhlelwa kwemishayo, ukuhlukaniswa kwemishayo, i-engeli phakathi kwemishayo emibili, indawo okugxilwe kuyo kanye nesilinganiso samandla semishayo emibili zonke izilungiselelo ezifanele ekushiseleleni i-laser eyi-double-beam. ipharamitha. Ngokuvamile, phakathi nenqubo yokushisela, ngokuvamile kunezindlela ezimbili zokuhlela imishayo ephindwe kabili. Njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni, enye ihlelwe ngochungechunge eduze kwesiqondiso se-welding. Lolu hlelo lunganciphisa izinga lokupholisa lechibi elincibilikisiwe. Yehlisa ukuthambekela kokuqina kwe-weld kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-pores. Okunye wukuhlela eceleni noma ngokuphambana ezinhlangothini zombili ze-weld ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuguquguquka kwesikhala sokushisela.
Ohlelweni lwe-tandem-arraged dual-beam laser welding, kunezindlela ezintathu ezihlukene zokushisela kuye ngebanga eliphakathi kwemishayo yangaphambili neyangemuva, njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni ongezansi.
1. Ohlotsheni lokuqala lwemishini yokushisela, ibanga phakathi kwemishayo emibili yokukhanya likhulu ngokuqhathaniswa. I-beam eyodwa yokukhanya inomthamo omkhulu wamandla futhi igxile ebusweni bomsebenzi wokukhiqiza ukukhiqiza izimbobo zokhiye ekushiseleni; omunye umsebe wokukhanya unomthamo omncane wamandla. Isetshenziswa kuphela njengomthombo wokushisa wokushisa wangaphambi kokushisela noma we-post-weld. Ngokusebenzisa le mishini yokushisela, izinga lokupholisa lechibi lokushisela lingalawulwa phakathi kobubanzi obuthile, okuzuzisa ukushisela ezinye izinto ezinokwakheka okuphezulu okuzwelayo, njengensimbi ephezulu ye-carbon, i-alloy steel, njll., futhi kungathuthukisa ukuqina. we weld.
2. Ohlotsheni lwesibili lwemishini yokushisela, ibanga lokugxila phakathi kwemishayo emibili yokukhanya lincane uma kuqhathaniswa. Imishayo emibili yokukhanya ikhiqiza izimbobo zokhiye ezimbili ezizimele echibini lokushisela, elishintsha iphethini yokugeleza yensimbi ewuketshezi futhi kusize ukuvimbela ukubanjwa. Ingaqeda ukuvela kweziphambeko ezinjengamaphethelo kanye namaqhuqhuva e-weld bead futhi ithuthukise ukwakheka kwe-weld.
3. Ohlotsheni lwesithathu lomshini wokushisela, ibanga phakathi kwemishayo emibili yokukhanya lincane kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, imishayo emibili yokukhanya ikhiqiza imbobo kakhiye efanayo echibini lokushisela. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-single-beam laser welding, ngoba usayizi we-keyhole uba mkhulu futhi akulula ukuvala, inqubo yokushisela izinzile futhi igesi kulula ukuyikhipha, okuzuzisa ukunciphisa ama-pores kanye ne-spatter, nokuthola okuqhubekayo, umfaniswano kanye amaweld amahle.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, imishayo emibili ye-laser ingenziwa futhi nge-engeli ethile komunye nomunye. Indlela yokushisela iyafana ne-parallel double beam welding mechanism. Imiphumela yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi ngokusebenzisa ama-OO amabili anamandla aphezulu ane-engeli engu-30° kwelinye nebanga elingu-1~2mm, i-laser beam ingathola imbobo yokhiye emise okwefaneli. Usayizi we-keyhole mkhulu futhi uzinzile, ongathuthukisa ngempumelelo ikhwalithi yokushisela. Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, inhlanganisela ehlangene yemishayo emibili yokukhanya ingashintshwa ngokuvumelana nezimo ezihlukene zokushisela ukuze kuzuzwe izinqubo ezahlukene zokushisela.
6. Indlela yokusebenzisa i-double-beam laser welding
Ukutholwa kwemishayo ephindwe kabili kungatholwa ngokuhlanganisa imishayo emibili ehlukene ye-laser, noma ugongolo olulodwa lwe-laser lungahlukaniswa lube imishayo emibili ye-laser yokushisela kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-optical spectrometry. Ukuze uhlukanise umsebe wokukhanya ube imishayo yelaser emibili ehambisanayo yamandla ahlukene, i-spectroscope noma isistimu ethile yokubona ekhethekile ingasetshenziswa. Isithombe sibonisa imidwebo emibili eyisikimu yezimiso zokuhlukanisa ukukhanya kusetshenziswa izibuko ezigxilile njengezihlukanisi zemishayo.
Ukwengeza, i-reflector ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-splitter ye-beam, futhi isibonisi sokugcina endleleni ye-optical singasetshenziswa njenge-splitter ye-beam. Lolu hlobo lwesibonisi lubizwa nangokuthi i-roof-type reflector. Indawo yayo ekhanyayo ayiyona indawo eyisicaba, kodwa iqukethe izindiza ezimbili. Umugqa we-intersection wezindawo ezimbili ezikhanyayo utholakala phakathi nendawo yesibuko, efana ne-roof ridge, njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni. Umsebe wokukhanya okuhambisanayo ukhanya ku-spectroscope, uboniswa izindiza ezimbili ema-engeli ahlukene ukuze zenze imisebe yokukhanya emibili, futhi ikhanya ezindaweni ezihlukene zesibuko esigxilisa ingqondo. Ngemuva kokugxila, imishayo emibili yokukhanya itholakala ebangeni elithile ebusweni be-workpiece. Ngokushintsha i-engeli phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili ezibonisayo kanye nendawo yophahla, imishayo yokukhanya ehlukanisiwe enamabanga ahlukene wokugxila kanye nezinhlelo zingatholakala.
Uma usebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zeimishayo laser to yakha i-double beam, kunezinhlanganisela eziningi. I-laser yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-CO2 enokusabalalisa kwamandla we-Gaussian ingasetshenziselwa umsebenzi omkhulu wokushisela, futhi i-laser ye-semiconductor ene-rectangular energy distribution ingasetshenziswa ukusiza emsebenzini wokwelapha ukushisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le nhlanganisela iyonga kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla emishayo emibili yokukhanya angalungiswa ngokuzimela. Kumafomu ahlangene ahlukene, inkambu yokushisa eguquguqukayo ingatholwa ngokulungisa indawo egqagqene ye-laser kanye ne-laser semiconductor, elungele kakhulu ukushisela. Ukulawula inqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-laser ye-YAG ne-CO2 laser nayo ingahlanganiswa ibe yinduku ephindwe kabili yokushisela, i-laser eqhubekayo kanye ne-pulse laser ingahlanganiswa ukuze i-welding, futhi i-focus egxiliwe kanye ne-defocused beam nayo ingahlanganiswa ukuze i-welding.
7. Isimiso se-double-beam laser welding
3.1 I-Double-beam laser welding yamashidi anathathi
Ishidi lensimbi elakhiwe ngezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezimoto. Iphuzu lokuncibilika lensimbi licishe libe ngu-1500°C, kanti indawo yokubilisa ye-zinc ingu-906°C kuphela. Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenzisa indlela ye-fusion welding, inani elikhulu lomhwamuko we-zinc livame ukukhiqizwa, okwenza inqubo yokushisela ingazinzi. , ukwakha izimbotshana ku-weld. Ngama-lap joints, i-volatilization ye-galvanized layer ayenzeki kuphela ezindaweni ezingaphezulu neziphansi, kodwa futhi kwenzeka endaweni ehlangene. Phakathi nenqubo yokushisela, umhwamuko we-zinc uphuma ngokushesha endaweni yechibi elincibilikisiwe kwezinye izindawo, kuyilapho kwezinye izindawo kunzima ukuba umhwamuko we-zinc uphume echibini elincibilikisiwe. Ebusweni bechibi, ikhwalithi yokushisela ayizinzile kakhulu.
I-laser welding ephindwe kabili ingaxazulula izinkinga zekhwalithi zokushisela ezibangelwa umhwamuko we-zinc. Enye indlela iwukulawula isikhathi sokuba khona kanye nezinga lokupholisa lechibi elincibilikisiwe ngokufanisa ngokunengqondo amandla emishayo emibili ukuze kube lula ukuphuma komhwamuko we-zinc; enye indlela Ukukhulula umhwamuko we-zinc ngokushaya kusengaphambili noma ukugoba. Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 6-31, i-CO2 laser isetshenziselwa ukushisela. Ilaser ye-YAG iphambi kwelaser CO2 futhi isetshenziselwa ukubhoboza izimbobo noma ukusika imifantu. Izimbobo ezicutshungulwe ngaphambili noma imisele ihlinzeka ngendlela yokuphunyuka yomhwamuko we-zinc okhiqizwe ngesikhathi sokushisela okulandelayo, ukuwuvimbela ukuthi ungahlali echibini elincibilikisiwe futhi wenze amaphutha.
3.2 I-double-beam laser welding ye-aluminium alloy
Ngenxa yezici zokusebenza ezikhethekile zezinto ze-aluminium alloy, kukhona ubunzima obulandelayo ekusebenziseni i-laser welding [39]: ingxubevange ye-aluminium inezinga eliphansi lokumuncwa kwe-laser, kanye nokubonakala kokuqala kwe-CO2 laser beam surface kudlula i-90%; i-aluminium alloy laser welding seams kulula ukukhiqiza i-Porosity, imifantu; ukushiswa kwezakhi ze-alloy ngesikhathi se-welding, njll Uma usebenzisa i-laser welding eyodwa, kunzima ukusungula i-keyhole nokugcina ukuzinza. I-laser ye-laser ye-double-beam ingakhuphula usayizi wembobo kakhiye, kwenze kube nzima ukuthi imbobo kakhiye ivaleke, okuzuzisa ukukhishwa kwegesi. Kungase futhi kunciphise izinga lokupholisa futhi kunciphise ukuvela kwama-pores kanye nemifantu yokushisela. Njengoba inqubo yokushisela izinzile futhi nenani le-spatter lincishisiwe, ukuma kwe-weld surface etholwe ngokushisela okuphindwe kabili kwe-aluminium alloys nakho kungcono kakhulu kunokwe-single-beam welding. Umfanekiso 6-32 ubonisa ukubukeka komthungo we-weld we-3mm obukhulu be-aluminium alloy butt welding usebenzisa i-CO2 ye-laser ye-single-beam kanye ne-double-beam laser welding.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lapho Welding 2mm awugqinsi 5000 uchungechunge aluminium ingxubevange, lapho ibanga phakathi kwemishayo emibili 0.6 ~ 1.0mm, inqubo Welding uzinzile futhi ukuvulwa keyhole kwakhiwa kukhudlwana, okuyinto kuhambisana ukuhwamuka kanye ukuphunyuka magnesium ngesikhathi. inqubo yokushisela. Uma ibanga eliphakathi kwemishayo emibili lincane kakhulu, inqubo yokushisela yenduku eyodwa ngeke izinzile. Uma ibanga likhulu kakhulu, ukungena kwe-welding kuzothinteka, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 6-33. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso samandla semishayo emibili sinomthelela omkhulu kwikhwalithi yokushisela. Lapho imishayo emibili enezikhala ezingu-0.9mm ihlelwa ngochungechunge lokushisela, amandla ensimbi edlule kufanele akhuliswe ngokufanelekile ukuze isilinganiso samandla semishayo emibili ngaphambi nangemuva sibe sikhulu kuno-1:1. Kuyasiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-welding seam, ukwandisa indawo encibilikayo, futhi uthole i-welding seam ebushelelezi futhi enhle lapho isivinini sokushisela siphezulu.
3.3 Ukushiselwa kwe-double beam yamapuleti okuqina angalingani
Emkhiqizweni wezimboni, kuvame ukudingekile ukushisela amapuleti ensimbi amabili noma ngaphezulu anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kanye nokwakheka ukuze kwakheke ipuleti elihlanganisiwe. Ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni izimoto, ukusetshenziswa kwezikhala ezishiselwe ngomthungi kuya ngokuya kusabalele. Ngokushisela amapuleti anemininingwane ehlukene, ukumbozwa kwendawo noma izakhiwo, amandla angandiswa, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zincishiswe, futhi izinga lincishiswe. I-laser welding yamapuleti anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ivame ukusetshenziswa ekushiseleni iphaneli. Inkinga enkulu ukuthi amapuleti azoshiselwa kufanele ahlelwe ngaphambili ngemiphetho enembayo ephezulu futhi aqinisekise ukuhlangana okunembayo okuphezulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-double-beam welding yamapuleti okujiya angalingani angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko ezihlukene ezikhaleni zamapuleti, amalunga ezinqeni, ubukhulu obuhlobene nezinto zepuleti. Ingakwazi ukushisela amapuleti anomkhawulo omkhulu kanye nokubekezelelana kwegebe futhi ithuthukise isivinini sokushisela kanye nekhwalithi yokushisela.
Imingcele yenqubo eyinhloko ye-welding ka-Shuangguangdong yamapuleti obukhulu obungalingani ingahlukaniswa ngamapharamitha wokushisela kanye nemingcele yepuleti, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni. Imingcele yokushisela ihlanganisa amandla emishayo ye-laser emibili, isivinini sokushisela, indawo yokugxila, i-angle yekhanda lokushisela, i-angle yokujikeleza kwe-beam ye-double-beam butt joint kanye ne-welding offset, njll. Imingcele yebhodi ihlanganisa usayizi wento, ukusebenza, izimo zokunquma, izikhala zebhodi , njll. Amandla emishayo emibili ye-laser angalungiswa ngokwehlukana ngokwezinjongo zokushisela ezihlukene. Isikhundla sokugxila ngokuvamile sitholakala ebusweni bepuleti elincane ukuze kuzuzwe inqubo yokushisela ezinzile futhi ephumelelayo. I-angle yekhanda lokushisela ngokuvamile ikhethwa ukuthi ibe ngu-6. Uma ubukhulu bamapuleti amabili bukhulu ngokuqhathaniswa, i-angle yekhanda le-welding enhle ingasetshenziswa, okungukuthi, i-laser itshekele ngasepuleti elincane, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni; lapho ukushuba kwepuleti kuncane, i-angle yekhanda le-welding engalungile ingasetshenziswa. I-welding offset ichazwa njengebanga phakathi kokugxilwa kwe-laser kanye nomphetho wepuleti eliwugqinsi. Ngokulungisa i-welding offset, inani le-weld dent lingancishiswa futhi i-weld cross-section enhle ingatholakala.
Lapho amapuleti we-welding anezikhala ezinkulu, ungakwazi ukwandisa ububanzi bokushisa be-beam ngokuzungeza i-angle ye-double beam ukuze uthole amakhono amahle okugcwalisa igebe. Ububanzi bendawo engaphezulu ye-weld bunqunywa ububanzi be-beam obusebenzayo bemishayo emibili ye-laser, okungukuthi, i-engeli yokujikeleza ye-beam. I-engeli yokuzungeza inkulu, ububanzi bebanga lokushisa le-double beam, kanye nobubanzi bengxenye engaphezulu ye-weld. Imishayo emibili ye-laser idlala izindima ezihlukene enqubweni yokushisela. Eyodwa isetshenziswa kakhulu ukungena kumthungo, kanti enye isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuncibilikisa ipuleti eliwugqinsi ukugcwalisa igebe. Njengoba kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 6-35, ngaphansi kwe-engeli yokuzungezisa ye-phozitive beam (ugongolo olungaphambili lusebenza epuletini eliwugqinsi, ugongolo olungemuva lusebenza ekushiseleni), ugongolo olungaphambili luyisigameko epuletini eliwugqinsi ukuze kushiswe futhi kuncibilike okokusebenza, futhi okulandelayo I-laser beam idala ukungena. I-laser yokuqala ye-laser ngaphambili ingancibilikisa kancane ipuleti eliwugqinsi, kodwa inomthelela omkhulu enqubweni yokushisela, ngoba ayincibiliki nje kuphela uhlangothi lwepuleti eliwugqinsi ukuze kugcwaliswe igebe kangcono, kodwa futhi ijoyina kuqala izinto ezihlangene ukuze imishayo elandelayo Kulula ukushisela ngokusebenzisa amalunga, okuvumela ukushisela ngokushesha. Ku-double-beam welding ene-engeli ejikelezayo engalungile (i-beam yangaphambili isebenza ekushiseleni, futhi i-beam engemuva isebenza epuletini eliwugqinsi), imishayo emibili inomphumela ophambene ncamashi. Ugongolo lwangaphambili luncibilikisa ilunga, futhi ugongolo lwakamuva luncibilikisa ipuleti eliwugqinsi ukuze ligcwalise. igebe. Kulesi simo, i-beam yangaphambili iyadingeka ukuze ushise ngepuleti elibandayo, futhi isivinini sokushisela sihamba kancane kunokusebenzisa i-engeli yokuzungezisa ye-pozitive. Futhi ngenxa yomphumela wokushisa kuqala we-beam yangaphambilini, i-beam yakamuva izoncibilikisa okubalulekile kwepuleti eliwugqinsi ngaphansi kwamandla afanayo. Kulokhu, amandla e-laser beam yokugcina kufanele ancishiswe ngokufanelekile. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ukusebenzisa i-engeli yokuzungezisa ye-positive kungakhuphula ngokufanelekile isivinini sokushisela, futhi ukusebenzisa i-engeli yokuzungezisa ye-negative kungafinyelela ukugcwaliswa kwegebe okungcono. Umfanekiso 6-36 ubonisa umthelela wama-engeli ahlukene wokuzungezisa imishayo engxenyeni ephambanayo ye-weld.
3.4 I-double-beam laser welding yamapuleti amakhulu awugqinsi Ngokuthuthuka kwezinga lamandla e-laser nekhwalithi ye-beam, ukushisela nge-laser kwamapuleti amakhulu amakhulu sekuyinto engokoqobo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ama-lasers anamandla aphezulu ayabiza futhi ukushiselwa kwamapuleti amakhulu amakhulu ngokuvamile kudinga insimbi yokugcwalisa, kunemikhawulo ethile ekukhiqizeni kwangempela. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-double-beam laser welding technology akukwazi nje ukwandisa amandla e-laser, kodwa futhi kwandise ububanzi bokushisa be-beam obusebenzayo, kukhuphule ikhono lokuncibilikisa i-filler wire, ukuzinzisa imbobo yokhiye we-laser, ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwe-welding, nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokushisela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-29-2024
