Kuphakanyiswa indlela yokushisela enezinti ezimbili, ikakhulukazi ukuxazulula ukuguquguquka kweukushisela nge-laserukunemba kokuhlanganisa, ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwenqubo yokushisela, nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokushisela, ikakhulukazi ukushisela ipuleti elincane kanye nokushisela i-aluminium alloy. Ukushisela i-laser enezinti ezimbili kungasebenzisa izindlela ezibonakalayo ukuhlukanisa i-laser efanayo ibe yizinti ezimbili zokukhanya ezihlukene zokushisela. Kungasebenzisa futhi izinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zama-laser ukuhlanganisa, i-laser ye-CO2, i-laser ye-Nd:YAG kanye ne-laser ye-semiconductor enamandla aphezulu. Ngokushintsha amandla ogongolo, isikhala sogongolo, ngisho nephethini yokusatshalaliswa kwamandla yezinti ezimbili, insimu yokushisa yokushisela ingalungiswa kalula nangokuguquguqukayo, ishintshe iphethini yokuba khona kwezimbobo kanye nephethini yokugeleza kwensimbi ewuketshezi echibini elincibilikisiwe, inikeze ikhambi elingcono lenqubo yokushisela. Isikhala esikhulu sokukhetha asinakuqhathaniswa nokushisela i-laser enezinti eyodwa kuphela. Akugcini nje ngokuba nezinzuzo zokungena okukhulu kokushisela i-laser, isivinini esisheshayo kanye nokunemba okuphezulu, kodwa futhi kunokuvumelana okukhulu nezinto kanye namajoyinti okunzima ukuwashisela nge-laser evamile yokushisela.
Isimiso seukushisela nge-laser okunezinti ezimbili
Ukushisela ngomsebe ophindwe kabili kusho ukusebenzisa imishayo emibili ye-laser ngesikhathi esisodwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela. Ukuhlelwa kwemishayo, isikhala semishayo, i-engeli phakathi kwemishayo emibili, indawo yokugxila kanye nesilinganiso samandla semishayo emibili konke kuyizilungiselelo ezifanele kupharamitha yokushisela ngomsebe ophindwe kabili. Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, ngokuvamile kunezindlela ezimbili zokuhlela imishayo emibili. Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni, eyodwa ihlelwe ngokulandelana eceleni kwendlela yokushisela. Lokhu kuhlelwa kunganciphisa izinga lokupholisa kwechibi elincibilikisiwe. Kunciphisa ukuthambekela kokuqina kwe-weld kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-pores. Okunye ukuwahlela eceleni noma ngokunqamula izinhlangothi zombili ze-weld ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzivumelanisa negebe lokushisela.
Isimiso sokushisela se-laser esinezinti ezimbili
Ukushisela ngomsebe ophindwe kabili kusho ukusebenzisa imishayo emibili ye-laser ngesikhathi esisodwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela. Ukuhlelwa kwemishayo, isikhala semishayo, i-engeli phakathi kwemishayo emibili, indawo yokugxila kanye nesilinganiso samandla semishayo emibili konke kuyizilungiselelo ezifanele kupharamitha yokushisela ngomsebe ophindwe kabili. Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, ngokuvamile kunezindlela ezimbili zokuhlela imishayo emibili. Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni, eyodwa ihlelwe ngokulandelana eceleni kwendlela yokushisela. Lokhu kuhlelwa kunganciphisa izinga lokupholisa kwechibi elincibilikisiwe. Kunciphisa ukuthambekela kokuqina kwe-weld kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-pores. Okunye ukuwahlela eceleni noma ngokunqamula izinhlangothi zombili ze-weld ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzivumelanisa negebe lokushisela.
Kuhlelo lokushisela lwe-laser oluhlelwe nge-tandem-beam dual-beam, kunezindlela ezintathu ezahlukene zokushisela kuye ngebanga eliphakathi kwemishayo yangaphambili neyangemuva, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.
1. Ohlotsheni lokuqala lwendlela yokushisela, ibanga phakathi kwemisebe emibili yokukhanya likhulu kakhulu. Umsebe owodwa wokukhanya unamandla amakhulu futhi ugxile ebusweni bento yokusebenza ukuze ukhiqize izimbobo zokhiye ekushiseleni; omunye umsebe wokukhanya unamandla amancane. Kusetshenziswa kuphela njengomthombo wokushisa wokwelashwa kokushisa kwangaphambi kokushisela noma kwangemva kokushisela. Kusetshenziswa le ndlela yokushisela, izinga lokupholisa lechibi lokushisela lingalawulwa ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuthile, okuzuzisa ukushisela ezinye izinto ezinokuzwela okukhulu kokuqhekeka, njengensimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu, insimbi ye-alloy, njll., futhi kungathuthukisa nokuqina kwe-weld.
2. Ohlotsheni lwesibili lwendlela yokushisela, ibanga lokugxila phakathi kwemishayo emibili yokukhanya lincane kakhulu. Imishayo emibili yokukhanya ikhiqiza izimbobo ezimbili ezizimele echibini lokushisela, okushintsha iphethini yokugeleza kwensimbi ewuketshezi futhi kusiza ukuvimbela ukubanjwa. Kungasusa ukwenzeka kweziphambeko ezifana nemiphetho kanye nokukhukhumala kwama-bead okushisela futhi kuthuthukise ukwakheka kwe-weld.
3. Ohlotsheni lwesithathu lwendlela yokushisela, ibanga phakathi kwemishayo emibili yokukhanya lincane kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, imishayo emibili yokukhanya ikhiqiza imbobo yokhiye efanayo echibini lokushisela. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisela nge-laser eyodwa, ngoba usayizi wembobo yokhiye uba mkhulu futhi akulula ukuwuvala, inqubo yokushisela izinzile kakhulu futhi igesi kulula ukuyikhipha, okuzuzisa ekunciphiseni ama-pores kanye nokuchitheka, kanye nokuthola ama-weld aqhubekayo, afanayo futhi amahle.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, imishayo emibili ye-laser ingenziwa nge-engeli ethile komunye nomunye. Indlela yokushisela ifana nendlela yokushisela yemishayo emibili ehambisanayo. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ikhombisa ukuthi ngokusebenzisa ama-OO amabili anamandla aphezulu ane-engeli engu-30° komunye nomunye kanye nebanga elingu-1 ~ 2mm, imishayo ye-laser ingathola imbobo yokhiye emise okwe-funnel. Usayizi wembobo yokhiye mkhulu futhi uzinzile, okungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ikhwalithi yokushisela. Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo, inhlanganisela yokukhanya okubili ingashintshwa ngokuya ngezimo ezahlukene zokushisela ukuze kufezwe izinqubo ezahlukene zokushisela.
6. Indlela yokusebenzisa ukushisela nge-laser enezinti ezimbili
Ukutholwa kwemishayo emibili kungatholakala ngokuhlanganisa imishayo emibili ehlukene ye-laser, noma imishayo eyodwa ye-laser ingahlukaniswa ibe yimishayo emibili ye-laser yokushisela kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-optical spectrometry. Ukuze kuhlukaniswe imishayo yokukhanya ibe yimishayo emibili ye-laser ehambisanayo yamandla ahlukene, i-spectroscope noma uhlelo oluthile olukhethekile lwe-optical lungasetshenziswa. Isithombe sibonisa imidwebo emibili yesimiso sezimiso zokuhlukanisa ukukhanya kusetshenziswa izibuko ezigxilile njengezihlukanisi zemishayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibukisi singasetshenziswa njengesihlukanisi semisebe, kanti isibukisi sokugcina endleleni yokukhanya singasetshenziswa njengesihlukanisi semisebe. Lolu hlobo lwesibukisi lubizwa nangokuthi isibukisi sohlobo lophahla. Ubuso baso obukhanyayo abuyona indawo eyisicaba, kodwa buqukethe izindiza ezimbili. Umugqa wokuhlangana kwezindawo ezimbili ezibukisayo utholakala phakathi kobuso besibuko, ofana nomugqa wophahla, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni. Umsebe wokukhanya okuhambisanayo ukhanya ku-spectroscope, uboniswa yizindiza ezimbili ngama-engeli ahlukene ukwakha imishayo emibili yokukhanya, futhi ukhanya ezindaweni ezahlukene zesibuko esibukisayo. Ngemva kokugxila, kutholakala imishayo emibili yokukhanya ebangeni elithile ebusweni bento yokusebenza. Ngokushintsha i-engeli phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili ezibukisayo kanye nendawo yophahla, kungatholakala imishayo yokukhanya ehlukanisiwe enamabanga ahlukene okugxila kanye nokuhleleka.
Uma usebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zeimisebe ye-laser tUma wenza umsebe ophindwe kabili, kunezinhlanganisela eziningi. I-laser ye-CO2 esezingeni eliphezulu enokusatshalaliswa kwamandla kwe-Gaussian ingasetshenziswa emsebenzini wokushisela oyinhloko, kanti i-laser ye-semiconductor enokusatshalaliswa kwamandla okuyisikwele ingasetshenziswa ukusiza emsebenzini wokwelapha ukushisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le nhlanganisela iyonga kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla emisebe yokukhanya emibili angalungiswa ngokuzimela. Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokuhlangana, insimu yokushisa elungisekayo ingatholakala ngokulungisa indawo ehambisanayo ye-laser kanye ne-laser ye-semiconductor, efaneleka kakhulu ukushisela. Ukulawulwa kwenqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-laser ye-YAG kanye ne-laser ye-CO2 nazo zingahlanganiswa zibe umsebe ophindwe kabili wokushisela, i-laser eqhubekayo kanye ne-laser ye-pulse zingahlanganiswa ukuze zishiselwe, kanti umsebe ogxilile kanye nomsebe ohlukanisiwe nawo ungahlanganiswa ukuze kushiselwe.
7. Isimiso sokushisela nge-laser enezibani ezimbili
3.1 Ukushisela amashidi e-galvanized nge-laser enezibani ezimbili
Ishidi lensimbi elihlanganisiwe liyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezimoto. Indawo yokuncibilika kwensimbi icishe ibe ngu-1500°C, kanti indawo yokubila ye-zinc ingama-906°C kuphela. Ngakho-ke, uma kusetshenziswa indlela yokushisela i-fusion, kuvame ukukhiqizwa inani elikhulu lomhwamuko we-zinc, okwenza inqubo yokushisela ingazinzile. , yakha ama-pores ku-weld. Kumajoyinti e-lap, ukuguquguquka kwesendlalelo se-galvanized akwenzeki nje kuphela ezindaweni eziphezulu nezingezansi, kodwa futhi kwenzeka nasendaweni ehlangene. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, umhwamuko we-zinc uphuma ngokushesha endaweni ehlanganisiwe echibini kwezinye izindawo, kanti kwezinye izindawo kunzima ukuthi umhwamuko we-zinc uphume echibini elihlanganisiwe. Ebusweni bechibi, ikhwalithi yokushisela ayizinzile kakhulu.
Ukushisela nge-laser enezinti ezimbili kungaxazulula izinkinga zekhwalithi yokushisela ezibangelwa umhwamuko we-zinc. Enye indlela ukulawula isikhathi sokuba khona kanye nezinga lokupholisa kwechibi elincibilikisiwe ngokufanisa amandla emishayo emibili ukuze kube lula ukuphuma komhwamuko we-zinc; enye indlela ukukhipha umhwamuko we-zinc ngokubhoboza noma ukugoqa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-grooving. Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 6-31, i-laser ye-CO2 isetshenziselwa ukushisela. I-laser ye-YAG iphambi kwe-laser ye-CO2 futhi isetshenziselwa ukubhoboza imigodi noma ukusika imigoqo. Imigodi noma imigoqo ecutshungulwe kusengaphambili inikeza indlela yokuphunyuka komhwamuko we-zinc okhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushisela okulandelayo, okuvimbela ukuthi uhlale echibini elincibilikisiwe futhi wakhe amaphutha.
3.2 Ukushisela kwe-aluminium alloy nge-laser enezibani ezimbili
Ngenxa yezici zokusebenza ezikhethekile zezinto ze-aluminium alloy, kunezinkinga ezilandelayo ekusebenziseni i-laser welding [39]: i-aluminium alloy inezinga eliphansi lokumuncwa kwe-laser, futhi ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kobuso be-CO2 laser beam kudlula u-90%; i-aluminium alloy laser welding seams kulula ukukhiqiza i-Porosity, imifantu; ukushiswa kwezinto ze-alloy ngesikhathi sokushisela, njll. Uma usebenzisa i-single laser welding, kunzima ukusungula i-keyhole nokugcina ukuzinza. I-double-beam laser welding ingandisa usayizi we-keyhole, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi i-keyhole ivale, okuzuzisa ekukhishweni kwegesi. Kunganciphisa futhi izinga lokupholisa futhi kunciphise ukuvela kwe-pores kanye nemifantu yokushisela. Njengoba inqubo yokushisela izinzile kakhulu futhi inani lokufafaza lincishisiwe, ukuma kobuso be-weld okutholakala ngokushisela i-double-beam yama-aluminium alloys nakho kungcono kakhulu kunokwesesela i-single-beam. Isithombe 6-32 sibonisa ukubukeka komucu we-weld we-aluminium alloy butt welding engu-3mm obukhulu kusetshenziswa i-CO2 single-beam laser kanye ne-double-beam laser welding.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lapho kushintshwa i-aluminium alloy engu-2mm ubukhulu obungu-5000, lapho ibanga eliphakathi kwemishayo emibili lingu-0.6 ~ 1.0mm, inqubo yokushintshwa izinzile futhi ukuvulwa kwe-keyhole okwakhiwe kukhulu, okusiza ekuphumeni nasekuphumeni kwe-magnesium ngesikhathi senqubo yokushintshwa. Uma ibanga eliphakathi kwemishayo emibili lincane kakhulu, inqubo yokushintshwa kwemishayo eyodwa ngeke iqine. Uma ibanga likhulu kakhulu, ukungena kwemishayo kuzothinteka, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 6-33. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso samandla semishayo emibili sinomthelela omkhulu kwikhwalithi yokushintshwa. Lapho imishayo emibili enesikhala esingu-0.9mm ihlelwe ngochungechunge lokushintshwa, amandla emishayo yangaphambilini kufanele akhuliswe ngokufanele ukuze isilinganiso samandla semishayo emibili ngaphambi nangemva kwayo sibe ngaphezu kuka-1:1. Kuyasiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomthungo wokushintshwa, ukwandisa indawo yokuncibilika, futhi uthole umthungo wokushintshwa obushelelezi nomuhle lapho ijubane lokushintshwa liphezulu.
3.3 Ukushisela amapuleti anobukhulu obungalingani kabili
Ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, kuvame ukudingeka ukushisela amapuleti ensimbi amabili noma ngaphezulu anobukhulu obuhlukene kanye nezimo ukuze kwakhiwe ipuleti elihlanganisiwe. Ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kwezimoto, ukusetshenziswa kwezimbobo ezifakwe ngokwezifiso kuya ngokuya kusabalala. Ngamapuleti okushisela anezincazelo ezahlukene, izembozo noma izakhiwo, amandla angakhushulwa, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zincishiswe, futhi ikhwalithi incishiswe. Ukushisela amapuleti anobukhulu obuhlukene nge-laser kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekushiseleni amaphaneli. Inkinga enkulu ukuthi amapuleti azoshiselwa kumele akhiwe kusengaphambili ngemiphetho enembile kakhulu futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuhlanganiswa okunembile kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kokushisela amapuleti anobukhulu obungalingani kabili kungavumelana nezinguquko ezahlukene ezikhaleni zamapuleti, amalunga e-butt, ubukhulu obuhlobene kanye nezinto zepuleti. Kungashisela amapuleti anokubekezelelana okukhulu komphetho kanye negebe futhi kuthuthukise isivinini sokushisela kanye nekhwalithi yokushisela.
Amapharamitha enqubo eyinhloko yokushisela amapuleti obukhulu obungalingani kaShuangguangdong angahlukaniswa ngamapharamitha okushisela kanye namapharamitha epuleti, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni. Amapharamitha okushisela afaka amandla emisebe emibili ye-laser, isivinini sokushisela, isikhundla sokugxila, i-angle yekhanda lokushisela, i-angle yokujikeleza kwemisebe yejoyinti le-double-beam butt kanye ne-offset yokushisela, njll. Amapharamitha ebhodi afaka usayizi wezinto ezibonakalayo, ukusebenza, izimo zokusika, izikhala zebhodi, njll. Amandla emisebe emibili ye-laser angalungiswa ngokwahlukana ngokwezinhloso ezahlukene zokushisela. Indawo yokugxila ngokuvamile itholakala ebusweni bepuleti elincane ukuze kufezwe inqubo yokushisela ezinzile nephumelelayo. I-angle yekhanda lokushisela ivame ukukhethwa ukuthi ibe cishe ngu-6. Uma ubukhulu bamapuleti amabili bukhulu kakhulu, i-angle yekhanda lokushisela elihle ingasetshenziswa, okungukuthi, i-laser ithambekele epuletini elincane, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni; lapho ubukhulu bepuleti buncane kakhulu, i-angle yekhanda lokushisela elibi lingasetshenziswa. I-offset yokushisela ichazwa njengebanga eliphakathi kokugxila kwe-laser kanye nomphetho wepuleti elikhulu. Ngokulungisa i-offset yokushisela, inani le-weld dent lingancishiswa futhi kutholakale i-cross-section enhle yokushisela.
Uma ushisela amapuleti anezikhala ezinkulu, ungandisa ububanzi bokushisa be-beam obusebenzayo ngokushintshanisa i-engeli ye-beam ephindwe kabili ukuze uthole amakhono amahle okugcwalisa izikhala. Ububanzi bengxenye ephezulu ye-weld bunqunywa ububanzi be-beam obusebenzayo be-laser beams ezimbili, okungukuthi, i-engeli yokujikeleza ye-beam. Uma i-engeli yokujikeleza inkulu, ububanzi bokushisa be-beam ephindwe kabili buyanda, futhi ububanzi bengxenye engenhla ye-weld bukhulu. I-laser beams ezimbili zidlala indima ehlukene enqubweni yokushisela. Eyodwa isetshenziswa kakhulu ukungena emthungweni, kanti enye isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuncibilikisa izinto zepuleti elijiyile ukugcwalisa igebe. Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 6-35, ngaphansi kwe-engeli yokujikeleza ye-beam enhle (i-beam yangaphambili isebenza epuletini elijiyile, i-beam yangemuva isebenza e-weld), i-beam yangaphambili iyenzeka epuletini elijiyile ukuze ifudumale futhi incibilikise izinto, kanti elandelayo I-laser beam idala ukungena. Ugongolo lokuqala lwe-laser ngaphambili lungancibilikisa ingxenye yepuleti elijiyile, kodwa lunegalelo elikhulu enqubweni yokushisela, ngoba alugcini nje ngokuncibilikisa uhlangothi lwepuleti elijiyile ukuze kugcwaliswe igebe kangcono, kodwa futhi luhlanganisa izinto ezihlangene ukuze kube lula ukushisela phakathi kwamalunga, okuvumela ukushisela okusheshayo. Ekushiseleni okunezinti ezimbili ezine-engeli yokujikeleza engemihle (ugongolo lwangaphambili lusebenza ku-weld, kanti ugongolo lwangemuva lusebenza ku-engeli engemihle), lezi zinti ezimbili zinomphumela ophambene ncamashi. Ugongolo lwangaphambili luncibilikisa ijoyinti, kanti ugongolo lwakamuva luncibilikisa ipuleti elijiyile ukuze lugcwalise igebe. Kulesi simo, ugongolo lwangaphambili luyadingeka ukuze lushisele phakathi kwepuleti elibandayo, futhi ijubane lokushisela lihamba kancane kunokusebenzisa i-engeli yokujikeleza kogongolo oluhle. Futhi ngenxa yomphumela wokushisa kwangaphambilini wogongolo lwangaphambilini, ugongolo lwakamuva luzoncibilikisa izinto zepuleti ezijiyile ngaphansi kwamandla afanayo. Kulesi simo, amandla ogongolo lwakamuva lwe-laser kufanele ancishiswe ngokufanele. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ukusebenzisa i-engeli yokujikeleza kogongolo oluhle kungakhuphula ngokufanele ijubane lokushisela, futhi ukusebenzisa i-engeli yokujikeleza kogongolo olungemihle kungafeza ukugcwaliswa okungcono kwegebe. Isithombe 6-36 sibonisa ithonya lama-engeli ahlukene okujikeleza kwemisebe engxenyeni ephambene ye-weld.
3.4 Ukushiswa kwe-laser okunemisebe emibili kwamapuleti amakhulu aqinile Ngokuthuthuka kwezinga lamandla e-laser kanye nekhwalithi yemisebe, ukushiswa kwe-laser kwamapuleti amakhulu aqinile sekuyinto engokoqobo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ama-laser anamandla aphezulu ayabiza futhi ukushiswa kwamapuleti amakhulu aqinile ngokuvamile kudinga insimbi yokugcwalisa, kunemikhawulo ethile ekukhiqizweni kwangempela. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokushiswa kwe-laser okunemisebe emibili akugcini nje ngokwandisa amandla e-laser, kodwa futhi kwandisa ububanzi bokushisa kwe-beam obusebenzayo, kwandise ikhono lokuncibilikisa ucingo lokugcwalisa, kuzinzise imbobo yesihluthulelo se-laser, kuthuthukise ukuzinza kwe-welding, futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi ye-welding.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-29-2024
