Ukushisela amabala kuyindlela yokuhlanganisa esheshayo nengabizi kakhulu. Ifanele ukuxhuma izingxenye ze-thin-plate nama-lap joints angadingi umoya opholile. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokushisela amabala, njengokushisela amabala okumelana, ukushisela amabala e-arc, ukushisela amabala okunamathelayo,ukushisela amabala ahlanganisiwe, kanye nokushisela amabala nge-laser. Njengamanje, ukushisela amabala nge-resistance spot kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni. Uma sibheka imboni yezimoto njengesibonelo, kudingeka izindawo zokushisela ezingu-3,000 kuya ku-4,000 ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye zephaneli yomzimba wemoto, okudinga amarobhothi angu-250 kuya ku-300, kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ezisekelayo kanye neminye imishini yokusiza. Kodwa-ke, ukushisela amabala nge-resistance spot kunokuguquguquka okuncane. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho, umjikelezo wokuvuselelwa kwezimo zejometri nezakhiwo zezingxenye zezimoto usufushane kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo emisha namamodeli kudinga uhlobo olusha lobuchwepheshe bokushisela amabala olusebenza kahle futhi oluguquguqukayo. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe bokushisela amabala nge-laser buye baba yinto ebalulekile kancane kancane futhi kulindeleke ukuthi busetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni zezimoto. Emkhakheni wezindiza, ukushisela amabala nge-laser spot nakho kuhlolwa njengobuchwepheshe obuhlukile. Isikhathi eside, ama-lap joints emikhiqizo yezindiza ngokuvamile asebenzisa i-riveting, okubandakanya izinqubo eziningi zokukhiqiza kanye nomsebenzi onzima. Ngokusetshenziswa okwandayo kwezinto ezintsha ezifana nama-aluminium alloys, ama-titanium alloys, nezinto ezihlanganisiwe, ukwamukela ubuchwepheshe obusha bokushisela ukuze kuthathe indawo yezindlela zokujoyina zendabuko sekuyinto evamile. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kodwa futhi kunciphisa isisindo sesakhiwo futhi kuhlangabezana nezidingo ezintsha zomklamo wesakhiwo, okubaluleke kakhulu emikhiqizweni yezindiza. Ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nokuguquguquka okuphezulu kokushiswa kwamabala nge-laser kuyinika izinzuzo ezibalulekile ekukhiqizweni okusebenzayo, ikakhulukazi embonini yezindiza, lapho ingathatha khona indawo yezinqubo zendabuko ezifana nokushiswa kwamabala okumelana kanye nokushiswa kwe-riveting.
I. Incazelo kanye nezici zokushisela amabala nge-laser
Incazelo
Ukushisela amabala e-laser kubhekisela enqubweni yokuncibilikisa nokuhlanganisa izinto zokusebenza kusetshenziswa i-laser pulse eyodwa (t > 1ms) noma uchungechunge lwama-laser pulse endaweni efanayo.
Ukushisela amabala e-laser ngokuyisisekelo kufana nezinye izinqubo zokushisela nge-laser; umehluko kuphela ukuthi akukho ukufuduka okuhlobene phakathi kogongolo lwe-laser kanye ne-workpiece ngesikhathi sokushisela amabala. Ukushisela amabala e-laser kuhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ukushisela kokushisa kanye nokushisela imbobo yokhiye. Ekushiseni amabala e-conduction yokushisa, i-laser ingancibilikisa insimbi kuphela ngaphandle kokuyiphefumula. Le ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu ekushiseni izinsimbi ezinobukhulu obungaphansi kuka-0.5mm, njenge-Nd:YAG laser spot welding yezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Ekushiseni amabala e-laser yokhiye, i-laser ingangena ngqo ngaphakathi kwezinto ngembobo yokhiye, ikhulise izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla e-laser futhi ifinyelele ukujula okukhulu kokungena. Ukushisela amabala endabuko okumelana kuncibilikisa izingcezu zomsebenzi ukuze kwakheke amabala e-weld kusetshenziswa ukushisa kokumelana okukhiqizwa ugesi, kuyilapho umthombo wokushisa wokushisisa amabala e-laser uvela emisebeni ye-laser, okuholela ezimeni zamabala e-weld ahluke kakhulu.
Amapharamitha alungisekayo okushisela amabala e-laser ngokuvamile afaka amandla e-laser, isikhathi sokushisela amabala, kanye nenani lokudefocus. Ngokushisela amabala kusetshenziswa imodi yokushelela, amapharamitha afaka futhi i-pulse waveform, imvamisa, kanye nomjikelezo womsebenzi. Phakathi kwalokhu, amandla e-laser athinta kakhulu ukujula kokungena kwendawo yokushelela, kuyilapho isikhathi sokushelela amabala sinomthelela omkhulu kusayizi wecala wendawo yokushelela. Ngokuvamile, uma isikhathi sesenzo se-laser side, kulapho ubukhulu bezindawo eziphezulu nezingezansi zendawo yokushelela bukhula khona kanye nosayizi wobuso bokuhlangana. Izinguquko enanini lokudefocus zithinta kakhulu ububanzi bebala kanye nobuningi bamandla obusebenza ebusweni bomsebenzi, ngaleyo ndlela bube nomthelela omkhulu ekumeni kwendawo yokushelela iyonke.
Izici
- Njengoba i-laser ingumthombo wokushisa, ukushisela amabala kunikeza isivinini esiphezulu, ukunemba okuphezulu, ukufaka ukushisa okuphansi, kanye nokuguquguquka okuncane kwezingxenye zomsebenzi.
- Izinga lenkululeko ezikhundleni zokushisela amabala liyathuthuka kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukushisela amabala kuzo zonke izindawo futhi kubonakale kalulaukushisela indawo ohlangothini olulodwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa kakhulu inkululeko yokuklama umkhiqizo.
- Ukushisela amabala nge-laser kunezidingo eziphansi ngobukhulu bama-lap joints. Kunemikhawulo emincane kumapharamitha afana nenani lama-lap joints kanye nebanga phakathi kwama-weld spots, futhi asikho isidingo sokucabangela umthelela wokushisela kwamanje.
- Ukuze kufakwe amapuleti anobukhulu obungalingani, izinto ezingafani, nezinto ezikhethekile (ama-aluminium alloys, amashidi e-galvanized), ukufakwa kwama-spot nge-laser kusebenza kangcono kunezindlela zendabuko zokushisela ama-spot.
- Akudingi inani elikhulu lemishini yokusiza, kungashesha ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko zomkhiqizo, futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zemakethe.
II. Ukuhlaziywa Okuphelele Kwezinkinga Zokushisela Amabala Nge-Laser
Imifantu, ama-pores, kanye nokugoba yizona ziphazamiso ezivame kakhulu ekushiseni amabala nge-laser, ezihlaziywa ngayinye ngayinye ngezansi.
1. Imifantu
Imifantu ihlukaniswe imifantu engaphezulu kanye nemifantu emide. Amazinga okushisa nokupholisa ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwamabala nge-laser ashesha kakhulu, okuholela ekushintsheni okukhulu kokushisa phakathi kwendawo efudumele kanye nensimbi ezungezile, okuholela kalula ekwakhekeni kwemifantu. Ukuvela kwemifantu kuhlobene kakhulu nezinto zokwakha; isibonelo, ama-alloy e-aluminium anomkhuba omkhulu wokuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwamabala nge-laser kunensimbi engagqwali. Indlela ephumelelayo yokucindezela ukwakheka kwemifantu ukwenza ngcono isimo se-pulse ukuze kulawulwe izinga lokupholisa lenqubo yokuqina kwensimbi futhi kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi.
2. Imigodi
Amaphutha anezimbobo (ama-pores) kuma-laser spot welds angahlukaniswa abe yizimbobo ezincane kanye nama-pores amakhulu. Ama-pores amancane abangelwa kakhulu ukwehla kokuncibilika kwe-hydrogen ensimbini ewuketshezi ngesikhathi sokuqina kwensimbi, kanye nokuhwamuka okusheshayo kwensimbi embobeni yokhiye kanye nokuphazamiseka kwechibi elincibilikisiwe. Ama-pores amakhulu abangelwa kakhulu yisilinganiso sokupholisa esisheshayo kakhulu ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwama-spot nge-laser, okushiya isikhathi esanele sokuba insimbi ezungeze imbobo yokhiye ibuyele emuva. Ngokuvamile, ama-pores amancane athambekele ekwakheni ekushisweni kwama-spot e-long-pulse, kuyilapho ama-pores amakhulu kungenzeka avele ekushisweni kwama-spot e-short-pulse.
Kunezindawo ezimbili lapho ama-pores avame ukuvela khona ekushiseni amabala nge-laser: enye iseduze nendawo yokuhlangana phakathi nendawo yokuhlanganisa, kanti enye isemsukeni we-weld. Izithombe ezincibilikayo ezithathwe yi-X-ray zibonisa ukuthi ama-pores aseduze nendawo yokuhlanganisa abangelwa kakhulu ukugoba lapho imbobo yokhiye ivala; kuma-pores empandeni ye-weld, akhiwa kakhulu ngokuwa kwembobo yokhiye ngenxa yokunyamalala okusheshayo kwe-laser ngemva kokwakheka kwembobo yokhiye.
3. Ukuwohloka
Ukugoba kuyinto esobala ekushiseni amabala nge-laser. Ukugoba okuphakathi endaweni yokushisisa kanye nokuqongelela kwensimbi okuzungezile kubangelwa amandla okugoba akhiqizwa ukuhwamuka kwensimbi okusunduza insimbi ewuketshezi endaweni yokushisisa. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokupholisa, insimbi eqongelelwe ebusweni iyaqina ngokushesha futhi ayikwazi ukugcwaliswa ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulahleka kwezinto okubangelwa ukuhwamuka kwensimbi okusheshayo kanye nokuchitheka kungenye into ebangela ukugoba okuphakathi. Isikhathi sokushaya kwenhliziyo sinomthelela omkhulu kokubili ekugobeni kwendawo yokushisisa kanye nokwakheka kwama-pores. Amabala okushisisa agculisayo angatholakala ngokwenza ngcono i-pulse waveform kanye nesikhathi.
4. Umthelela Wenani Lokususa Ukugxila Ezindaweni Zokushisela
Izinguquko enanini le-defocus zishintsha ngqo ububanzi bendawo kanye nobuningi bamandla. Lapho inani le-defocus likhuphuka kuzo zombili izindlela ezimbi nezinhle, kusho ukuthi ububanzi bendawo buyanda kanye nobuningi bamandla buyancipha. Ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwe-laser spot, kukhona ubudlelwano obuthile obuhambisanayo phakathi kobubanzi bendawo kanye nosayizi we-keyhole yokuqala eyakhiwe yisigameko se-laser engxenyeni yokuhlola, kuyilapho ubukhulu bamandla bunquma izinga lokunwetshwa kwechibi elincibilikisiwe. Lapho inani eliphelele lenani le-defocus lincane, ububanzi be-laser spot buncane, ubukhulu bamandla e-laser buphakeme, futhi izinga lokunwetshwa kwechibi elincibilikisiwe le-weld spot lishesha, kodwa ububanzi be-keyhole yokuqala buncane. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho inani le-defocus likhulu, ububanzi be-keyhole yokuqala bukhulu, kodwa izinga lokunwetshwa kwechibi elincibilikisiwe liyehla, futhi usayizi we-weld spot ophumelayo ungase ungabi mkhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwenani le-defocus, umphumela ophelele wobubanzi be-spot kanye nobuningi bamandla obuphezulu bendawo yokushiswa kunquma usayizi wendawo yokushiswa.
III. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokushisela amabala nge-laser
Ukushisela amabala e-laser kunesivinini esikhulu, ukujula okukhulu kokungena, ukuguqulwa okuncane, futhi kungenziwa ekushiseni kwegumbi noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile ngemishini elula yokushisela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvela kwama-laser e-pulse avame kakhulu (anemvamisa ephakeme kune-pulses engu-40 ngomzuzwana) kuye kwenza kwaba lula ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kokushisela amabala e-laser ekuhlanganisweni nasekushiseni izingxenye ezincane nezincane ekukhiqizweni okuzenzakalelayo okukhulu. Lapho kushiselwa izingxenye ezincane ze-elekthronikhi ezidinga indawo encane ethintekile ekushiseni—njengokuxhumana phakathi kwengilazi nensimbi, ukuxhumana kwamalunga kumasekethe e-semiconductor azwela ukushisa, kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwezinsimbi ezahlukene ezintanjeni—ukushisela amabala e-laser kunenzuzo kakhulu kunezinqubo zendabuko zokushisela amabala (isb., ukushisela amabala okumelana), ngamabala okushisela angenakungcola kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yokushisela. Isithombe 6-60 sibonisa isibonelo sokusetshenziswa kokushisela amabala e-laser ekukhiqizweni kwezibani zezimoto: i-laser ye-pulse engu-500W solid-state ikhiqiza amabala amane afanayo okushisela anemvamisa ephezulu kakhulu yokushisela.
Uma kwenziwa ukushisela amabala ngokunemba okuphezulu ezindlini ezincane kusetshenziswa amandla aphezulu okushaya kwenhliziyo, ama-laser e-Nd:YAG ashukunyiswayo anezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe kanye nezomnotho. Ezinhlelweni eziningi zokushisela amabala ezimboni, ama-laser e-pulsed solid-state anamandla aphakathi angu-50W kanye namandla okushaya kwenhliziyo angaphezu kuka-2kW asetshenziswa ngokuyisisekelo. I-laser ingasebenza ngqo ku-workpiece ngokusebenzisa imicu yokukhanya noma amalensi okugxila ahlanganisiwe.
Ukushisela amabala nge-laser kusebenza ezintweni eziningi ezahlukene. Isibonelo, uma kushiselwa amabala ngamabhethri e-Li, kusetshenziswa i-Nd:Ubuchwepheshe bokushisela amabala nge-laser ye-YAGUkuxhuma izinsimbi ezahlukene kusebenza kahle kakhulu kunokushisela i-TIG kanye nokushisela amabala okumelana. Ikakhulukazi, njengoba imicu ye-optical isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa ama-laser ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, kulula ukuhamba ngokushesha nangokuguquguqukayo phakathi kwamabhentshi okusebenzela ahlukahlukene.
Ngamafuphi, ukushisela amabala nge-laser kunezici ezilandelayo:
- Ngokukhula kwamandla e-laser, ububanzi bomphezulu wendawo yokushisela buyashintshashintsha phezulu naphansi, kuyilapho ububanzi bomphezulu wokushisela kanye nobuso obuphansi bukhula kancane. Ushintsho esimweni esinqamulayo sendawo yokushisela alubonakali. Njengoba ubude besikhathi bukhula, ubukhulu bendawo yokushisela buyanda ngokushesha, futhi izinga lokushintsha kobubanzi bomphezulu wokushisela likhulu kunelobubanzi bomphezulu obuphezulu nobuphansi. Ushintsho enanini lokungagxili lunomthelela omkhulu kusayizi wendawo yokushisela. Lushintsha ngqo ububanzi bendawo kanye nobuningi bamandla e-laser, futhi umphumela ophelele walezi zici ezimbili unquma ubukhulu bendawo yokushisela.
- Uma kungene ngokuphelele, kuba nokugoba okusobala ebusweni be-laser spot weld. Njengoba amandla e-laser kanye nobude besikhathi bukhuphuka, ukujula kokugoba ebusweni be-weld spot kuyanda. Uma ubude noma usayizi wesikhala sikhulu, ubuso obungezansi bungase bubonise ukugoba.
- Njengoba igebe landa, ukuguquguquka kwendawo yokushisela, ukugoba okuphakathi, kanye nokugoba kuba sobala. Ubuso bokuhlanganiswa buyancipha, futhi amandla ancipha ngokushesha. Njengamanje, ekushiseleni kwama-resistor, amabhethri, kanye nensimu ye-elekthronikhi, inqubo yokushisela izindawo ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa ivame ukusetshenziswa, okuvame ukusebenzisa umklamo onemithombo emibili yokukhanya kwe-laser.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-27-2025
