Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuhlanzwa nge-laser kuye kwaba ngenye yezindawo ezithandwa kakhulu emkhakheni wokukhiqiza izimboni, ucwaningo luhlanganisa inqubo, ithiyori, okokusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa. Ezimbonini zokusebenza, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza i-laser bukwazile ukuhlanza ngokuthembekile inani elikhulu lezindawo ezihlukene ze-substrate, izinto zokuhlanza ezihlanganisa insimbi, i-aluminium, i-titanium, ingilazi nezinto eziyinhlanganisela, njll., izimboni zezicelo ezihlanganisa i-aerospace, izindiza, ukuthutha, isivinini esikhulu. ujantshi, ezezimoto, isikhunta, amandla enuzi kanye nezasolwandle neminye imikhakha.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza i-laser, obusukela kuma-1960s, bunezinzuzo zomphumela omuhle wokuhlanza, ububanzi bezinhlelo zokusebenza, ukunemba okuphezulu, ukungathinteki nokufinyeleleka. Emkhiqizweni wezimboni, ukukhiqizwa nokugcinwa kwempahla kanye neminye imikhakha kunezinhlobonhlobo zamathemba okufaka isicelo, kulindeleke ukuthi kuthathelwe indawo noma ngokuphelele esikhundleni sezindlela zokuhlanza zendabuko, futhi kube ubuchwepheshe obuthembisa kakhulu bokuhlanza okuluhlaza ekhulwini lama-21.
Indlela yokuhlanza i-laser
Inqubo yokuhlanza i-laser iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ebandakanya izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokususa izinto, ngendlela yokuhlanza i-laser, inqubo yokuhlanza ingase ibe khona ngasikhathi sinye izindlela ezahlukahlukene, ezibangelwa ikakhulukazi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-laser nezinto ezibonakalayo, kufaka phakathi. ukukhishwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukubola, i-ionization, ukuwohloka, ukuncibilika, ukuvutha, ukuhwamuka, ukudlidliza, ukuphalaza, ukunwetshwa, ukushwabana, ukuqhuma, ukuxebuka, ukuchithwa nezinye izinguquko zomzimba nezamakhemikhali. inqubo.
Njengamanje, izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlanza nge-laser ikakhulukazi zintathu: ukuhlanzwa kwe-laser ablation, ukuhlanzwa kwe-laser okusizwa ngefilimu okuwuketshezi kanye nezindlela zokuhlanza igagasi le-laser.
Indlela yokuhlanza i-laser ablation
Izindlela eziyinhloko ze-methodological ukunwetshwa kokushisa, ukuhwamuka, ukukhipha kanye nokuqhuma kwesigaba. I-laser isebenza ngokuqondile ezintweni okufanele zisuswe ebusweni be-substrate futhi izimo ezizungezile zingaba umoya, igesi engavamile noma i-vacuum. Izimo zokusebenza zilula futhi zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukususa izinhlobonhlobo zezingubo, amapende, izinhlayiya noma ukungcola. Umdwebo ongezansi ubonisa umdwebo wenqubo wendlela yokuhlanza i-laser ablation.
Lapho i-laser irradiation ebusweni bezinto ezibonakalayo, i-substrate nezinto zokuhlanza ziwukunwetshwa kokuqala okushisayo. Ngokukhuphuka kwesikhathi sokusebenzisana kwe-laser nezinto zokuhlanza, uma izinga lokushisa liphansi kunomkhawulo we-cavitation yezinto zokuhlanza, izinto zokuhlanza kuphela inqubo yokushintsha ngokomzimba, umehluko phakathi kwezinto zokuhlanza kanye ne-substrate yokwandisa ukushisa okushisayo kuholela engcindezini esibonakalayo. , ukugoqa kwezinto zokuhlanza, ukuklebhula ebusweni be-substrate, ukuqhekeka, ukuphuka kwemishini, ukuchotshozwa kwe-vibration, njll., izinto zokuhlanza zisuswa nge-jet noma zikhishwe i-substrate surface.
Uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme kunokushisa kwe-gasification threshold yezinto zokuhlanza, kuzoba nezimo ezimbili: 1) umkhawulo we-ablation wezinto zokuhlanza ungaphansi kwe-substrate; 2) i-ablation threshold yezinto zokuhlanza mkhulu kune-substrate.
Lezi zimo ezimbili zezinto zokuhlanza ziyancibilika, i-cavitation kanye ne-ablation nezinye izinguquko ze-physicochemical, indlela yokuhlanza iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngaphezu kwemiphumela yokushisa, kodwa futhi ingabandakanya izinto zokuhlanza kanye nama-substrates phakathi kokuphulwa kwesibopho samangqamuzana, ukuhlanza izinto zokubola noma ukuwohloka, isigaba. ukuqhuma, izinto zokuhlanza i-gasification ionization esheshayo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-plasma.
(1)Ifilimu eliwuketshezi elisizwa nge-laser yokuhlanza
Indlela yomshini ngokuyinhloko inefilimu eliwuketshezi elibilisa ukuhwamuka nokudlidliza, njll. Ukusetshenziswa kwesidingo sokukhetha ubude begagasi be-laser obufanele, ngendlela yokuvala ukuntuleka komthelela wengcindezi enqubweni yokuhlanza i-laser ablation, kungasetshenziswa ukususa. okunye okunzima kakhulu ukususa into yokuhlanza.
Njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni ongezansi, ifilimu ye-liquid (amanzi, i-ethanol noma ezinye iziphuzo) imbozwe ngaphambili ebusweni bento yokuhlanza, bese usebenzisa i-laser ukuyikhanyisa. Ifilimu ye-Liquid idonsa amandla e-laser okuholela ekuqhumeni okunamandla kwemithombo ye-liquid, ukuqhuma kokunyakaza kwe-liquid high-speed, ukudluliswa kwamandla ezintweni zokuhlanza ezingaphezulu, amandla okuqhuma adlulayo anele ukususa ukungcola okungaphezulu ukuze kuzuzwe izinjongo zokuhlanza.
Indlela yokuhlanza i-laser eyenziwe ngefilimu ewuketshezi inezinkinga ezimbili.
Inqubo enzima futhi kunzima ukuyilawula.
Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwefilimu ye-liquid, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali e-substrate surface ngemva kokuhlanza kulula ukushintsha nokukhiqiza izinto ezintsha.
(1)Indlela yokuhlanza uhlobo lwe-laser shock wave
Indlela yenqubo kanye nemishini ihluke kakhulu kwezimbili zokuqala, umshini ngokuyinhloko ukususwa kwamandla okuthuthumela, izinto zokuhlanza ziyizinhlayiya ikakhulukazi, ikakhulukazi ukukhishwa kwezinhlayiya (i-sub-micron noma i-nanoscale). Izidingo zenqubo ziqinile kakhulu, kokubili ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla okwenza i-ionize emoyeni, kodwa futhi nokugcina ibanga elifanelekile phakathi kwe-laser ne-substrate ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isenzo ezinhlayiyeni zamandla omthelela sikhulu ngokwanele.
Inqubo yokuhlanza igagasi le-laser umdwebo womdwebo ukhonjiswe ngezansi, i-laser ukuze ihambisane nesiqondiso sokudubula kwendawo engaphansi, futhi i-substrate ayihlangani. Hambisa i-workpiece noma ikhanda le-laser ukuze ulungise ukugxila kwe-laser ezinhlayiyeni eduze kokuphuma kwe-laser, indawo okugxilwe kuyo ye-ionization phenomenon yomoya izokwenzeka, okuholela kumagagasi okwethuka, amagagasi athuthumela ekwandeni okusheshayo kokunwebeka okuyindilinga, futhi inwebelwe ukuthintana. ngezinhlayiya. Lapho umzuzu wengxenye eguquguqukayo ye-wave shock on the particle mkhulu kunomzuzu wengxenye ye-longitudinal kanye namandla okunamathela kwezinhlayiyana, i-particle izosuswa ngokugoqa.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza i-laser
Indlela yokuhlanza i-laser ngokuyinhloko isekelwe phezu kwento ngemva kokumuncwa kwamandla e-laser, noma ukuhwamuka nokushintshashintsha kwe-laser, noma ukunwetshwa kokushisa okukhona ngokushesha ukuze kunqobe ukukhangisa kwezinhlayiya ezingaphezulu, ukuze into evela phezulu, bese ifinyelela inhloso yokuhlanza.
Ifingqwe cishe njengalokhu: 1. ukubola komhwamuko we-laser, 2. ukuhlubula i-laser, 3. ukunwetshwa okushisayo kwezinhlayiya zokungcola, 4. ukudlidliza komhlaba okungaphansi kanye nokudlidliza kwezinhlayiyana izici ezine
Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yokuhlanza yendabuko, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laser bunezici ezilandelayo.
1. Kuyinto yokuhlanza "eyomile", akukho sixazululo sokuhlanza noma ezinye izixazululo zamakhemikhali, futhi ukuhlanzeka kuphakeme kakhulu kunenqubo yokuhlanza amakhemikhali.
2. Ububanzi bokukhishwa kokungcola kanye nobubanzi be-substrate obusebenzayo bubanzi kakhulu, futhi
3. Ngokusebenzisa ukulawulwa kwemingcele yenqubo ye-laser, ayikwazi ukulimaza ingaphezulu le-substrate ngesisekelo sokususwa okusebenzayo kokungcola, ingaphezulu lihle njengokusha.
4. Ukuhlanza i-laser kungaba ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo kalula.
5. Imishini ye-laser decontamination ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, izindleko zokusebenza eziphansi.
6. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza i-laser buyi: eluhlaza: inqubo yokuhlanza, ukuqeda imfucuza iyimpuphu eqinile, usayizi omncane, kulula ukuyigcina, ngokuyisisekelo ngeke ingcolise imvelo.
Ngawo-1980, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemboni ye-semiconductor ebusweni bezinhlayiya ze-silicon wafer mask yobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza kwabeka izidingo eziphakeme, iphuzu elibalulekile ukunqoba ukungcoliswa kwezinhlayiya ezincane kanye ne-substrate phakathi kwamandla amakhulu okukhangisa. , ukuhlanzwa kwamakhemikhali endabuko, ukuhlanzwa kwemishini, izindlela zokuhlanza i-ultrasonic azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo, futhi ukuhlanza nge-laser kungaxazulula izinkinga ezinjalo zokungcola, ucwaningo oluhlobene kanye nezicelo zenziwe ngokushesha.
Ngo-1987, ukubonakala kokuqala kwesicelo selungelo lobunikazi ekuhlanzweni kwe-laser. Ngawo-1990, i-Zapka yasebenzisa ngempumelelo ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza i-laser enqubweni yokukhiqiza ye-semiconductor ukuze isuse izinhlayiya ezincane ebusweni bemaski, iqaphela ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza i-laser emkhakheni wezimboni. Ngo-1995, abacwaningi basebenzisa i-laser ye-TEA-CO2 engu-2 kW ukuze bathole ngempumelelo ukuhlanzwa kokukhishwa kwepende ye-fuselage yendiza.
Ngemva kokungena ekhulwini lama-21, ngokuthuthukiswa kwesivinini esikhulu se-ultra-short pulse lasers, ucwaningo lwasekhaya nolwangaphandle kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-laser yokuhlanza kancane kancane kwanda, kugxile ebusweni bezinto zensimbi, izicelo ezijwayelekile zakwamanye amazwe ziyindiza yokususwa kopende, isikhunta. ukususwa kwe-surface, ukukhishwa kwe-carbon yangaphakathi kwe-injini kanye nokuhlanza indawo yamalunga ngaphambi kokushisela. I-US Edison Welding Institute laser yokuhlanza indiza yempi ye-FG16, lapho amandla e-laser angu-1 kW, ivolumu yokuhlanza engu-2.36 cm3 ngomzuzu.
Kuhle ukusho ukuthi ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kokususwa kopende lwe-laser kwezingxenye ezithuthukisiwe eziyinhlanganisela nakho kuyindawo eshisayo kakhulu. I-US Navy HG53, i-HG56 ye-propeller blades yendiza enophephela emhlane kanye nomsila oyisicaba wendiza yokulwa ye-F16 nezinye izindawo eziyinhlanganisela ziye zabonakala njengezicelo zokususa upende we-laser, kuyilapho izinto ezihlanganisiwe zase-China ekufakweni kwezindiza sekwephuzile, ngakho ucwaningo olunjalo lungenalutho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza i-laser ekwelapheni okuyinhlanganisela kwendawo ye-CFRP ngaphambi kokunamathisela ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla elunga nakho kungenye yezinto okugxilwe kuzo ocwaningweni. vumelanisa inkampani ye-laser emgqeni wokukhiqiza imoto we-Audi TT ukuze unikeze imishini yokuhlanza i-fiber laser ukuhlanza ubuso befilimu ye-aluminium alloy door frame oxide engasindi. I-Rolls G Royce UK yasebenzisa ukuhlanza nge-laser ukuhlanza ifilimu ye-oxide ebusweni bezingxenye ze-titanium aero-engine.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza i-laser buthuthuke ngokushesha eminyakeni emibili edlule, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imingcele yenqubo yokuhlanza i-laser kanye nendlela yokuhlanza, ucwaningo lwento yokuhlanza noma ukusetshenziswa kocwaningo kwenze inqubekelaphambili enkulu. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza i-laser ngemva kocwaningo oluningi lwethiyori, ukugxila kocwaningo lwayo kuhlala kuchemile ekusetshenzisweni kocwaningo, nasekusetshenzisweni kwemiphumela ethembisayo. Ngokuzayo, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laser ekuvikelweni kwezinsalela zamasiko nemisebenzi yobuciko buzosetshenziswa kabanzi, futhi imakethe yabo ibanzi kakhulu. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laser embonini kuba yinto engokoqobo, futhi ububanzi bokusebenza buya ngokuya buba banzi.
Inkampani ye-Maven laser automation igxile embonini ye-laser iminyaka engu-14, sisebenza ngokukhethekile ekumaka nge-laser, sinomshini wokuhlanza i-laser ekhabetheni lomshini, umshini wokuhlanza i-laser we-trolley case, umshini wokuhlanza i-laser ubhaka kanye nomshini owodwa wokuhlanza i-laser emithathu, ngaphezu kwalokho, sinawo. umshini we-laser welding, umshini wokusika we-laser kanye nomshini wokuqopha we-laser, uma unesithakazelo emshinini wethu, ungasilandela futhi ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-14-2022
