Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuhlanzwa nge-laser kube ngenye yezindawo ezidumile zocwaningo emkhakheni wokukhiqiza izimboni, ucwaningo luhlanganisa inqubo, ithiyori, imishini kanye nezicelo. Ezisetshenzisweni zezimboni, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laser bukwazile ukuhlanza ngokuthembekile inani elikhulu lezindawo ezihlukene ze-substrate, ukuhlanza izinto ezihlanganisa insimbi, i-aluminium, i-titanium, ingilazi nezinto ezihlanganisiwe, njll., izimboni zezicelo ezihlanganisa izindiza, izindiza, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla, isitimela esisheshayo, izimoto, isikhunta, amandla enuzi kanye nezindawo zasolwandle kanye neminye imikhakha.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laser, obusukela eminyakeni yawo-1960, bunezinzuzo zomphumela omuhle wokuhlanza, ububanzi bezicelo, ukunemba okuphezulu, ukungathintani kanye nokufinyeleleka. Ezimbonini zokukhiqiza, ukukhiqiza kanye nokugcinwa kanye neminye imikhakha inezinhlobo eziningi zamathemba okusetshenziswa, kulindeleke ukuthi ithathe indawo yezindlela zokuhlanza zendabuko ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele, futhi ibe ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza obuluhlaza obuthembisayo kakhulu ekhulwini lama-21.
Indlela yokuhlanza nge-laser
Inqubo yokuhlanza nge-laser iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ihilela izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokususa izinto, ngendlela yokuhlanza nge-laser, inqubo yokuhlanza ingaba khona ngasikhathi sinye izindlela ezahlukahlukene, okubangelwa kakhulu ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-laser nezinto, okuhlanganisa ukuqedwa kobuso bezinto, ukubola, i-ionization, ukuwohloka, ukuncibilika, ukushisa, ukuhwamuka, ukudlidliza, ukuchitheka, ukwanda, ukushwabana, ukuqhuma, ukuxebuka, ukuchitheka kanye nezinye izinguquko zomzimba nezamakhemikhali.
Njengamanje, izindlela zokuhlanza nge-laser ezijwayelekile ziningi ezintathu: ukuhlanza nge-laser ablation, ukuhlanza nge-laser okusizwa yifilimu kanye nezindlela zokuhlanza nge-laser shock wave.
Indlela yokuhlanza i-laser ablation
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokwenza izinto ukunwetshwa kokushisa, ukuhwamuka, ukususwa kwegesi kanye nokuqhuma kwesigaba. I-laser isebenza ngqo ezintweni ezizosuswa ebusweni be-substrate futhi izimo zendawo zingaba umoya, igesi engavamile noma i-vacuum. Izimo zokusebenza zilula futhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ukususa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokumboza, upende, izinhlayiya noma ukungcola. Umdwebo ongezansi ukhombisa umdwebo wenqubo yendlela yokuhlanza i-laser yokususwa kwegesi.
Lapho ukushiswa ngemisebe ye-laser ebusweni bezinto, i-substrate nezinto zokuhlanza kungukukhula kokuqala kokushisa. Njengoba isikhathi sokusebenzisana kwe-laser nezinto zokuhlanza sikhuphuka, uma izinga lokushisa liphansi kunomkhawulo we-cavitation wezinto zokuhlanza, inqubo yokushintsha kwezinto zokuhlanza kuphela ngokomzimba, umehluko phakathi kwezinto zokuhlanza kanye ne-coefficient yokwanda kokushisa kwe-substrate kuholela ekucindezelekeni esibonakalayo, ukugoba kwezinto zokuhlanza, ukudabuka ebusweni be-substrate, ukuqhekeka, ukuphuka komshini, ukuchoboza kokudlidliza, njll., izinto zokuhlanza zisuswa nge-jet noma zisuswe ebusweni be-substrate.
Uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme kunezinga lokushisa lomkhawulo wegesi wezinto zokuhlanza, kuzoba nezimo ezimbili: 1) umkhawulo wokukhipha umoya wezinto zokuhlanza ungaphansi kwe-substrate; 2) umkhawulo wokukhipha umoya wezinto zokuhlanza mkhulu kune-substrate.
Lezi zimo ezimbili zezinto zokuhlanza ukuncibilika, ukucavitation kanye nokususwa kwe-ablation kanye nezinye izinguquko ze-physicochemical, indlela yokuhlanza iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngaphezu kwemiphumela yokushisa, kodwa futhi ingafaka izinto zokuhlanza kanye nezingxenye eziphakathi kokuphuka kwesibopho sama-molecule, ukubola noma ukubola kwezinto zokuhlanza, ukuqhuma kwesigaba, ukwakheka kwegesi kwezinto zokuhlanza i-ionization esheshayo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-plasma.
(1)Ukuhlanza nge-laser okusekelwe kumafilimu oketshezi
Indlela yokusebenza ikakhulukazi inomswakama obilayo wefilimu ewuketshezi kanye nokudlidliza, njll. Ukusetshenziswa kwesidingo sokukhetha ubude be-laser obufanele, ngendlela yokuvala ukuntuleka kwengcindezi yomthelela enkambisweni yokuhlanza i-laser ablation, kungasetshenziswa ukususa okunye kwezinto zokuhlanza okunzima kakhulu ukuzisusa.
Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi, ifilimu yoketshezi (amanzi, i-ethanol noma olunye uketshezi) imbozwe ngaphambili ebusweni bento yokuhlanza, bese isebenzisa i-laser ukuyikhanyisa. Ifilimu yoketshezi imunca amandla e-laser okuholela ekuqhumeni okunamandla kwemidiya yoketshezi, ukuqhuma koketshezi olubilayo oluhamba ngesivinini esikhulu, ukudluliselwa kwamandla ezintweni zokuhlanza ubuso, amandla aphezulu okuqhuma okwesikhashana anele ukususa ukungcola kobuso ukuze kufezwe izinjongo zokuhlanza.
Indlela yokuhlanza nge-laser esebenzisa ifilimu ewuketshezi inezinkinga ezimbili.
Inqubo enzima futhi kunzima ukuyilawula.
Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwefilimu ewuketshezi, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ebusweni be-substrate ngemva kokuhlanza kulula ukukushintsha futhi kukhiqize izinto ezintsha.
(1)Indlela yokuhlanza uhlobo lwe-shock wave nge-laser
Indlela yenqubo kanye nendlela esebenza ngayo ihluke kakhulu kweyokuqala emibili, indlela esebenza ngayo iwukususa amandla e-shock wave, izinto zokuhlanza ikakhulukazi ziyizinhlayiya, ikakhulukazi zokususa izinhlayiya (i-sub-micron noma i-nanoscale). Izidingo zenqubo ziqinile kakhulu, kokubili ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhono lokwenza umoya ube yi-ion, kodwa futhi nokugcina ibanga elifanele phakathi kwe-laser kanye ne-substrate ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isenzo ezinhlayiyeni zamandla okushaya sikhulu ngokwanele.
Umdwebo wesimiso senqubo yokuhlanza amagagasi okushaqeka kwe-laser uboniswe ngezansi, i-laser ihambisane nesiqondiso somphezulu we-substrate, futhi i-substrate ayithinti. Hambisa i-workpiece noma ikhanda le-laser ukuze ulungise ukugxila kwe-laser ku-particle eduze kokukhishwa kwe-laser, kuzokwenzeka indawo yokugxila yesenzakalo se-ionization yomoya, okuzoholela kumagagasi okushaqeka, amagagasi okushaqeka ekukhuleni okusheshayo kokwanda kwe-spherical, futhi kwandiswe ukuze kuthinteke nezinhlayiya. Lapho umzuzu wengxenye ephambene yegagasi lokushaqeka ku-particle mkhulu kunomzuzu wengxenye ende kanye namandla okunamathela kwezinhlayiya, inhlayiya izosuswa ngokugoqa.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laser
Indlela yokuhlanza i-laser isekelwe kakhulu ebusweni bento ngemuva kokumuncwa kwamandla e-laser, noma ukuhwamuka kanye nokuguquguquka, noma ukwanda okushisayo okusheshayo ukuze kunqotshwe ukumuncwa kwezinhlayiya ebusweni, ukuze into isuke ebusweni, bese ifinyelela injongo yokuhlanza.
Ngokufingqiwe kanje: 1. ukubola komhwamuko we-laser, 2. ukuhlubula nge-laser, 3. ukunwetshwa kwezinhlayiya zokungcola ngokushisa, 4. ukudlidliza komphezulu we-substrate kanye nokudlidliza kwezinhlayiya izici ezine
Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yokuhlanza yendabuko, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laser bunezici ezilandelayo.
1. Kuwukuhlanza "okwomile", akukho sixazululo sokuhlanza noma ezinye izixazululo zamakhemikhali, futhi ukuhlanzeka kuphakeme kakhulu kunenqubo yokuhlanza ngamakhemikhali.
2. Ububanzi bokususwa kokungcola kanye nobubanzi be-substrate obufanele bubanzi kakhulu, futhi
3. Ngokusebenzisa izimiso zenqubo ye-laser, awukwazi ukulimaza ubuso be-substrate ngokusekelwe ekususweni okuphumelelayo kokungcola, ingabe ubuso bufana nobusha.
4. Ukuhlanzwa nge-laser kungaba ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo kalula.
5. Imishini yokuhlanza nge-laser ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, izindleko zokusebenza ziphansi.
6. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laser buyi: luhlaza: inqubo yokuhlanza, ukususa imfucuza kuyimpuphu eqinile, usayizi omncane, kulula ukuyigcina, ngokuyisisekelo ngeke ingcolise imvelo.
Ngawo-1980, intuthuko esheshayo yemboni ye-semiconductor ebusweni bezinhlayiya zokungcola zemaski ye-silicon wafer yobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza yabeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme, iphuzu elibalulekile ukunqoba ukungcola kwezinhlayiya ezincane kanye nesisekelo esiphakathi kwamandla amakhulu okumunca, ukuhlanza kwamakhemikhali kwendabuko, ukuhlanza ngomshini, izindlela zokuhlanza nge-ultrasonic azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo, futhi ukuhlanza nge-laser kungaxazulula izinkinga ezinjalo zokungcola, ucwaningo oluhlobene kanye nezicelo kuye kwathuthukiswa ngokushesha.
Ngo-1987, kwavela okokuqala isicelo selungelo lobunikazi ekuhlanzweni nge-laser. Ngawo-1990, uZapka wasebenzisa ngempumelelo ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laser enqubweni yokukhiqiza ye-semiconductor ukususa izinhlayiya ezincane ebusweni bemaski, eqaphela ukusetshenziswa kwasekuqaleni kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laser emkhakheni wezimboni. Ngo-1995, abacwaningi basebenzisa i-laser ye-TEA-CO2 engu-2 kW ukuze baphumelele ekuhlanzweni kokususwa kopende we-fuselage yendiza.
Ngemva kokungena ekhulwini lama-21, ngentuthuko esheshayo yama-laser e-pulse amafushane kakhulu, ucwaningo lwasekhaya nolwangaphandle kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza i-laser kwanda kancane kancane, kugxilwe ebusweni bezinto zensimbi, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zakwamanye amazwe ukususwa kopende we-fuselage yendiza, ukususwa kwamafutha ebusweni besikhunta, ukususwa kwekhabhoni yangaphakathi kwenjini kanye nokuhlanza ubuso bamalunga ngaphambi kokushisela. Ukuhlanza nge-laser kwendiza yempi ye-FG16 nge-US Edison Welding Institute, lapho amandla e-laser engu-1 kW, ivolumu yokuhlanza ingu-2.36 cm3 ngomzuzu.
Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi ucwaningo nokusetshenziswa kokususwa kopende nge-laser kwezingxenye ezihlanganisiwe ezithuthukisiwe nakho kuyindawo eshisayo kakhulu. Ama-propeller blades e-US Navy HG53, HG56 helicopter kanye nomsila oyisicaba wendiza yokulwa ye-F16 kanye nezinye izindawo ezihlanganisiwe kuye kwasetshenziswa ekususeni upende nge-laser, kuyilapho izinto ezihlanganisiwe zaseShayina ezisetshenziswa ezindizeni sekwephuzile, ngakho ucwaningo olunjalo lusesikhaleni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laser ekwelapheni ubuso obuhlanganisiwe be-CFRP ngaphambi kokunamathelisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla e-joint nakho kungenye yezinto ezigxilwe ocwaningweni lwamanje. Shintsha inkampani ye-laser ibe umugqa wokukhiqiza izimoto ze-Audi TT ukuze inikeze imishini yokuhlanza nge-laser ye-fiber ukuze ihlanze ubuso befilimu ye-oxide yomnyango we-aluminium alloy elula. I-Rolls G Royce UK isebenzise ukuhlanza nge-laser ukuhlanza ifilimu ye-oxide ebusweni bezingxenye ze-titanium aero-engine.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laser buthuthuke ngokushesha eminyakeni emibili edlule, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yimingcele yenqubo yokuhlanza nge-laser kanye nendlela yokuhlanza, ucwaningo lwezinto zokuhlanza noma ukusetshenziswa kocwaningo kuthuthuke kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laser ngemva kocwaningo oluningi lwethiyori, ukugxila kocwaningo lwabo kuhlale kuthambekele ekusetshenzisweni kocwaningo, nasekusetshenzisweni kwemiphumela ethembisayo. Esikhathini esizayo, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laser ekuvikeleni izinsalela zamasiko nemisebenzi yobuciko buzosetshenziswa kabanzi, futhi imakethe yalo ibanzi kakhulu. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laser embonini kuya ngokuya kuba ngokoqobo, futhi ububanzi bokusetshenziswa buya ngokuya buba bukhulu.
Inkampani ye-Maven laser automation igxile embonini ye-laser iminyaka eyi-14, sigxile ekumakeni nge-laser, sinomshini wokuhlanza i-laser yekhabhinethi yomshini, umshini wokuhlanza i-laser ye-trolley case, umshini wokuhlanza i-laser we-backpack kanye nomshini wokuhlanza i-laser emithathu ku-one, ngaphezu kwalokho, sinomshini wokushisela i-laser, umshini wokusika i-laser kanye nomshini wokuqopha i-laser, uma unentshisekelo ngomshini wethu, ungasilandela futhi uzizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nathi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-14-2022
