Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesivinini sokushisela kanye nekhwalithi yokushisela

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesivinini sokushisela kanye nekhwalithi yokushisela kufanele buqondwe ngokwe-dialectical futhi akukho noyedwa okufanele anganakwa. Bubonakala kakhulu esigabeni sokushisa kanye nesigaba sokukristala.

1. Isigaba sokushisa

Ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza zamapayipi ahlanganisiwe aqondile ahlanganiswe ngomthungo oqondile, unqenqema lwe-tube blank lushiswa kusukela ekushiseni kwegumbi kuya ekushiseni kokushisela. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, unqenqema lwe-tube blank alunasivikelo nhlobo futhi luvezwa ngokuphelele emoyeni. Lokhu ngokungenakugwenywa kubangela ukusabela okukhulu nge-oxygen, i-nitrogen nezinye izinto emoyeni, okwandisa kakhulu i-nitrogen nama-oxide ku-weld seam. Kulinganiswe ukuthi okuqukethwe yi-nitrogen ku-weld seam kuyanda izikhathi ezingu-20 kuya kwezingu-45 ngenxa yalokho. Ngakho-ke okuqukethwe yi-oxygen kuyanda izikhathi ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-35. Okwamanje, inani elikhulu lezinto ezixubayo njenge-manganese ne-carbon eziwusizo ku-weld seam ziyashiswa futhi ziphele, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwezakhiwo zemishini zomthungo wokushisela. Kulokhu, kungabonakala ukuthi ngalomqondo, lapho ijubane lokushisela lihamba kancane, ikhwalithi yomthungo wokushisela iba yimbi kakhulu.

Akukhona lokho kuphela, uma unqenqema lweshubhu elifudumele luhlala isikhathi eside luvezwa emoyeni, okungukuthi, uma isivinini sokushisela sihamba kancane, ama-oxide amaningi angewona awensimbi azokhiqizwa ezingeni elijulile. Lawa ma-oxide angewona awensimbi asezingeni elijulile kunzima ukuwakhipha ngokuphelele emthungweni wokushisela ngesikhathi senqubo elandelayo yokushisela. Ngemva kokushisela, ahlala emthungweni wokushisela ngesimo sokufakwa okungewona awensimbi, akha isikhombikubona esibuthakathaka esihlukile. Ngaleyo ndlela kubhubhisa ukuhambisana kwesakhiwo esincane sokushisela futhi kuncishiswe amandla okushisela. Uma isivinini sokushisela sishesha, isikhathi sokushisela siba sifushane, kanye nama-oxide amancane angewona awensimbi akhiqizwayo, anqunyelwe ungqimba olungaphezulu, angakhishwa kalula emthungweni wokushisela ngesikhathi senqubo elandelayo yokushisela. Ngeke futhi kube khona insalela enkulu ye-oxide engewona awensimbi emthungweni wokushisela, futhi amandla omthungo wokushisela aphezulu.

2. Isigaba se-crystallization

Ngokwezimiso ze-metallography, ukuze kutholakale ama-weld anamandla aphezulu, kuyadingeka ukucwenga izinhlamvu zesakhiwo se-weld ngangokunokwenzeka. Indlela eyisisekelo yokucwenga ukwakha inani elanele lama-nuclei ekristalu esikhathini esifushane, ukuze ahlangane ngaphambi kokukhula kakhulu futhi inqubo yokwenza ama-crystal iphele. Lokhu kudinga ukwandisa isivinini sokucwenga ukuze wenze umthungo wokucwenga ushiye ngokushesha indawo yokushisa, ukuze umthungo wokucwenga ukwazi ukucwenga ngokushesha ngezinga elikhulu lokucwenga. Lapho izinga lokucwenga likhuphuka, izinga le-nucleation linganda kakhulu, kuyilapho izinga lokukhula likhuphuka kancane, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe injongo yokucwenga okusanhlamvu kokucwenga.

Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubhekwa kusukela esigabeni sokushisa senqubo yokushisela noma ukupholisa ngemva kokushisela, ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuhlangabezana nezimo eziyisisekelo zokushisela, isivinini sokushisela sishesha kakhulu, kulapho ikhwalithi yomthungo wokushisela iba ngcono khona.

I-Mavenumshini wokushisela we-laser werobhothiiyi-laser yefayibha ehlanganisa umsebe we-laser onamandla aphezulu ne-laser yerobhothi njengeplatifomu ehambayo yokushisela. Noma yimuphi umzila wendawo ungashiselwa. Umshini wokushisela we-laser onezinjongo eziningi ungahlelwa ukuze ushisele izingxenye okunzima ukuzifinyelela ngemishini evamile yokushisela ye-laser, okuhlinzeka ngokuguquguquka okuphezulu kokushisela. Umsebe we-laser ungahlukaniswa ngesikhathi nangamandla, okwenza kube lula ukucutshungulwa kwemishayo eminingi ngasikhathi sinye nokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo wokushisela.