Kuyini ukusika nge-laser?

Ukusika nge-laser kuyindlela yokusika ngokushisa esebenzisa umsebe we-laser onamandla aphezulu ukuze kukhanye umsebe wokusebenza. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi izinto ezikhanyisiwe zincibilike ngokushesha, zishise, zivuthe, noma zifinyelele endaweni yazo yokushisa. Okwamanje, ukuhamba komoya ngesivinini esikhulu nge-laser beam kuphephula izinto ezincibilikisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela kunqume umsebe wokusebenza.

Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nezici zokusika nge-laser

Ukusikwa kwe-laser kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezine: ukusikwa kwe-laser vaporization, ukusikwa kwe-laser fusion, ukusikwa kwe-laser oxygen, kanye nokubhala nge-laser kanye nokuqhekeka okulawulwayo.

Ukusikwa kwe-Laser Vaporization

Isebenzisa umsebe we-laser onamandla aphezulu ukushisa i-workpiece, ikhuphula izinga lokushisa layo ngokushesha liye endaweni yokubila kwezinto ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, okubangela ukuthi izinto zishise futhi zakhe umhwamuko. Umhwamuko ukhishwa ngesivinini esikhulu, okwenza kube nokusikeka kwezinto njengoba ziphuma. Njengoba izinto eziningi zinokushisa okuphezulu kokushiswa komhwamuko, ukusika ukushiswa komhwamuko we-laser kudinga amandla amakhulu kanye nokuminyana kwamandla.

Ukusika i-Laser Fusion

Ekusikeni kwe-laser fusion, i-laser iyashisa futhi incibilikise izinto zensimbi. Igesi enga-oxidizing (njenge-Ar, He, N, njll.) ibe isipheshulwa nge-nozzle coaxial enomshini we-laser. Umfutho ophezulu wegesi ukhipha insimbi encibilikisiwe, kwakha ukusika. Ngokungafani nokusika kwe-vaporization, le ndlela ayidingi ukufuthwa okuphelele kwezinto futhi isebenzisa kuphela i-1/10 yamandla adingekayo ekusikeni kwe-vaporization. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekusikeni izinsimbi ezinga-oxidizing noma ezisabelayo, okuhlanganisa insimbi engagqwali, i-titanium, i-aluminium, kanye nama-alloy azo.

Ukusikwa kwe-oksijini nge-laser

Isimiso sokusika i-oksijini nge-laser sifana nokusika i-oxyacetylene. I-laser isebenza njengomthombo wokushisa ofudumezayo, kuyilapho amagesi asebenzayo (njenge-oxygen) esebenza njengegesi yokusika. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, igesi ephefumulayo isabela lapho insimbi isikiwe, ibangela ukusabela kwe-oxidation okukhipha ukushisa okukhulu kwe-oxidation. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isusa ama-oxide ancibilikisiwe bese iyancibilika endaweni yokusabela, yakha ukusika ensimbini. Ukusabela kwe-oxidation ngesikhathi sokusika kukhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu, ngakho-ke ukusika i-oksijini nge-laser kudinga kuphela ingxenye yamandla okusika i-fusion, kuyilapho ijubane layo lokusika lishesha kakhulu kunelokuhwamuka kanye nokusika i-fusion. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zensimbi ezikwazi ukufudumeza njengensimbi yekhabhoni, insimbi ye-titanium, kanye nensimbi ephathwa ngokushisa.

Ukubhala Nge-Laser Nokuqhekeka Okulawulwayo

Ukubhala nge-laser kusebenzisa i-laser enamandla amakhulu ukuskena ubuso bezinto ezibuthakathaka, kuhwamule umsele omncane. Ukusebenzisa inani elithile lokucindezela bese kubangela ukuthi izinto ezibuthakathaka ziqhekeke emseleni. Ama-laser e-Q-switched nama-laser e-CO₂ avame ukusetshenziswa ekubhaleni nge-laser. Ukuqhekeka okulawulwayo kusebenzisa ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa okukhulu okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokubhala nge-laser ukudala ukucindezeleka kokushisa kwendawo ezintweni ezibuthakathaka, okubangela ukuba ziqhekeke emseleni obhalwe phansi.

Izicelo Zokusika Nge-Laser

Imishini eminingi yokusika i-laser isebenza ngezinhlelo zokulawula izinombolo (NC) noma ihlelwe njengamarobhothi okusika. Njengendlela yokucubungula ngokunembile, ukusika i-laser kungasika cishe zonke izinto, okuhlanganisa ukusika kwe-2D noma kwe-3D kwamashidi ensimbi amancane. Emkhakheni wezindiza, ubuchwepheshe bokusika i-laser busetshenziswa kakhulu ekusikeni izinto ezikhethekile zezindiza njenge-titanium alloys, i-aluminium alloys, i-nickel alloys, i-chromium alloys, insimbi engagqwali, i-beryllium oxide, izinto ezihlanganisiwe, amapulasitiki, i-ceramics, kanye ne-quartz. Izingxenye zezindiza ezicutshungulwa ukusika i-laser zifaka amashubhu omlilo wenjini, ama-casing e-titanium alloy anezindonga ezincane, ozimele bezindiza, izikhumba ze-titanium alloy, izinti zamaphiko, amaphaneli ephiko lomsila, ama-rotor amakhulu e-helicopter, kanye namathayili okuvikela ukushisa e-ceramic e-space shuttle.