Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokushisela zendabuko,ukushisela nge-laserinezinzuzo ezibalulekile – ukufaka ukushisa okuphansi, isivinini sokushisela esisheshayo, indawo encane ethinteke ukushisa,
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukushisela nge-laser kuye kwasetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezimoto, embonini yokwakha imikhumbi, embonini yamandla enuzi, kanye nasezindiza.
Imboni yezindiza kanye nezinye izimboni zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu zisetshenziswa kabanzi, futhi ngokunciphisa izindleko zamasethi aphelele emishini, ezintweni zehadiwe zansuku zonke.
Futhi ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlobene nokuphila zaqala ukukhula ngokushesha. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukushisela nge-laser eyodwa nakho kunezinkinga ezithile,
Ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziningi ezahlukahlukene: okokuqala, izidingo ze-single laser welding ku-weld assembly gap ziqinile kakhulu,
Ngokuvamile kudingeka ukuthi kube negebe elingaphansi kuka-0.2mm, ngaphandle kwalokho kunzima ukuthola uxhumano oluhle; Okwesibili,ukushisela nge-laser eyodwaiyazwela kakhulu emifantwini yokushisela
Kulula kakhulu ukubangela ukuqhekeka kwe-weld, futhi ukwakheka kwe-weld akukwazi ukulungiswa ukulawula ukukhiqizwa kwemifantu; Okwesithathu, eyodwa
Ukushisela nge-laser kudinga ama-laser anamandla aphezulu kakhulu lapho kushiselwa amapuleti amakhulu, futhi ikhono layo lokungena lincike ngokuphelele emandleni e-laser.
Futhi ikhwalithi yokushisela ayinakuqinisekiswa ngokugcwele.
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezahlukene, izindlela zokushisela nge-laser nazo zithuthukisiwe, futhi intuthuko ehambisanayo ithuthukisiwe, njengalesi sihloko.
Kuchazwe indlela yokushisela ngocingo lwe-laser kanye nezinye izindlela zokushisela. Ukushisela ngocingo lwe-laser kuthuthukiswa ngokusekelwe ekushiseleni ngocingo olulodwa lwe-laser,
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisela nge-laser eyodwa, kunezinzuzo ezisobala:
①Nciphisa kakhulu izidingo zokuhlanganiswa kwento yokusebenza, ngoba ucingo lokushisela lufakwa enkambisweni yokushisela, insimbi yedamu lokushisela izokwanda kakhulu futhi ingahlanganiswa
Xhuma ngesikhala esikhulu sokushisela, ngenkathi wenza ukushisela kugcwale kakhulu;
Izakhiwo zesakhiwo esincane sendawo yokushisela zingalawulwa, ngoba ukwakheka kwentambo yokushisela kuhlukile kokwezinto eziyisisekelo zejoyinti yokushisela.
Ngemva kokuba ucingo luhlanganiswe echibini lokushisela, ikhwalithi, ukwakheka kanye nesilinganiso sechibi lokushisela kungalungiswa ukuze kulawulwe inqubo yokuqina kanye nokwakheka kwesakhiwo esincane.
(3) Ukufakwa kwamandla omugqa kuncane, indawo ethintekile ekushiseni kanye nokuguquguquka kokushisa kuncane, okusiza kakhulu ekushiseni umsebenzi ngezidingo eziqinile zokuguquguquka;
④ingafinyelela izinto ezincane zokushisela amandla e-laser, ngoba ucingo lokushisela lufakwa enkambisweni yokushisela, ukushisela okuningi kungafinyelelwa, futhi
Insimbi yedamu lokushisela izokwandiswa kakhulu, ukuze ijoyinti lokushisela livulwe ukuze kuncishiswe usayizi wangempela wokushisela.
Ukujiya kokushisela kwe-laser, bese uqaphela izinto zepuleti elijiyile le-laser eneziteshi eziningi.
Umehluko phakathi kokushisela i-laser wire kanye nokushisela i-laser wire
Uhlobo lokushisela i-laser wire filler luboniswe kuMfanekiso 1, oluhlukile ku-laser wire filler brazing eboniswe kuMfanekiso 2. Izinto eziyisisekelo zazo zombili izindlela zokushisela yilezi:
Ezihambisanayo, zakhiwe ngomqamelo we-laser, ucingo lokushisela, izingxenye zokushisela, igesi evikelayo ngokwezidingo zangempela ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi kufanele kufakwe yini, kuhileleke
Futhi imishini eyinhloko umshini wokondla ngentambo, umshini wokushisela, ikhanda lesibhamu esithambile sokugcwalisa intambo, ikhanda lokushisela, i-laser enamandla aphezulu.
Umfanekiso 1 Ukushisela i-laser wire fusion
Umfanekiso 2 Ukushiswa kwentambo ye-laser
Nakuba empeleni kungekho mehluko ngesimo sangaphandle sezindlela ezimbili zokushisela, kunomehluko omkhulu ngokweqiniso. Lapho kushiselwa ngentambo ye-laser,
I-laser ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-laser yefayibha enamandla amakhulu, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3, i-laser ayidingi nje kuphela ucingo lokushisela, kodwa futhi idinga ukuncibilikisa insimbi eyisisekelo kanye
Umphumela okhethekile wembobo wokushisela okujulile kwe-laser wakhiwa ensimbini eyisisekelo, kwakha ichibi lokuncibilika elijulile, futhi ukwakheka kwentambo yokushisela kuxutshwe ngokuphelele nokwakheka kwensimbi yensimbi eyisisekelo.
Kukhiwa ichibi elisha elihlanganisiwe elincibilikisiwe, futhi ukwakheka kwesakhi, isilinganiso kanye nekhwalithi yechibi elihlanganisiwe elincibilikisiwe kukhulu kunokwentambo yokushisela kanye nezinto eziyisisekelo.
Ngakho-ke, ucingo lokushisela olufanele lungangezwa enkambisweni yokushisela ngokuya ngamaphutha okusebenza kwesisekelo ngokwaso, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokushisela.
Ezingeni lokubuka, ukumelana nokuqhekeka, ukumelana nokukhathala, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokuguguleka nezinye izici ze-weld kuthuthukiswa ngamabomu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushisela nge-laser wire kungaba ukushisela okuneziteshi eziningi, ngoba kungafinyelela ukushisela kokungena okujulile ngomphumela wembobo encane, okungafinyelelwa
Ukuhlanganiswa okugcwele kwezingqimba ezimbili ezingezansi ze-weld bead kugwema amaphutha amakhulu okungahlanganisi, ukuze ibe nekhono lokuhlanganisa amalunga amakhulu.
Niniintambo yelaseri-brazing, i-laser ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-laser ye-semiconductor enamandla aphezulu, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 4
Entanjeni yokushisela, inani elincane kakhulu le-laser elizosebenza ku-weld futhi lincibilikise inani elincane lensimbi ebusweni be-weld, futhi ichibi lokuncibilikisa licishe lincibilike ngokuncibilika.
Intambo yokushisela yakhiwa, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kwe-weld kuncike kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezakhi kanye nesilinganiso sentambo yokushisela kanye nentambo yokushisela encibilikisiwe ku-weld.
Inhloso eyinhloko yokushiswa kwentambo ye-laser ukufeza amandla athile okuxhumana kwejoyinti yokushiswa
Futhi ukubopha, kanye nokubopha nge-laser wire akukwazi ukushiselwa ngeziteshi eziningi, izendlalelo ezimbili eziphezulu nezingezansi ze-weld ngokuyisisekelo azikwazi ukuqina.
Manje njengoba sezihlanganiswe ngokuphelele nangokuphumelelayo, izakhiwo zemishini zejoyinti zimbi kakhulu.
Insimu yesicelo sokushisela ucingo lwe-laser
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokushisela i-laser wire filler kanye nokwanda komkhawulo wamandla e-laser, ububanzi bokusetshenziswaukushisela i-laser wire filler
Kuyanda kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
Ukushisela i-aluminium alloy nge-laser wire
Ngokuvamile, ngenxa yokuthi i-aluminium alloy ngokwayo inokukhanya okuphezulu kwe-laser kanye nokushisa okuphezulu, i-aluminium alloy ihlanganiswe nge-laser.
Uma amandla e-laser edingeka emaningi, lokhu kuzoholela ezintweni eziphansi zokubilisa kuma-aluminium alloys (njenge-Mg, i-Zn, njll.) ukuhwamuka okukhulu kanye nokulahlekelwa ukusha,
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukucindezelwa okuphansi kobuso bensimbi yedamu encibilikisiwe kuthinta izici zokuqina kwe-weld, futhi lezi zizathu zizoholela ekubeni khona kwama-aluminium alloys e-laser welding.
Izinkinga eziningi - izakhiwo ezimbi zemishini zamajoyinti okushisela, ukwakheka kabi kokushisela, ukubhoboka kanye nokuqhekeka okukhulu. Esikhundleni salokho, kusetshenziswa i-laser ukugcwalisa ucingo
Ukushisela i-aluminium alloy kuzothuthukisa kakhulu lezi zinkinga:
①ukushisela ngentambo ye-laser kungathuthukisa ukucindezelwa kobuso be-weld, kuthuthukise ngempumelelo i-weldUhlobo, kanye nenqubo yokushisela incane;
②Ukwengezwa kwentambo yokushisela akugcini nje ngokuthinta ukuma kwekristalu kwamakristalu asilinda ku-weld, kodwa futhi kunciphise i-weldI-interface yekristalu ekhiqizwa ukukhula okuhlobene kwekristalu yekholomu eyinhloko ithuthukisa ukwakheka kwe-weld, futhi ithuthukisa nezinga lokumuncwa kwezinto ku-laser.
Ngokwanda kobubanzi bokuncibilika, ubulukhuni obuncane buyancipha kancane, futhi amandla okuqina kanye nokwelulwa kwejoyinti kuzobaluleka ngaphansi kwemingcele yenqubo elungiselelwe kahle.
Thuthukisa; (3) Ukushisela ngemigomo yenqubo efanele akukwazi ukuthola amaphutha angaphakathi asobala, ubulukhuni obuncane be-HV60 noma ngaphezulu, kanye ne-HAZ ehlangene
Akukho ukuthamba okusobala kwejoyinti lokushisela endaweni, futhi ukuphuka kusesendaweni yezinto eziyisisekelo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuthamba.
Ukushisela insimbi nge-laser kwezinsimbi ezingafani
Kwezinye izindawo zokusebenza ezidingayo noma ngokusekelwe ezindleleni ezibhekwayo, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuba nezici eziningi zomsebenzi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Izakhiwo ezikhethekile, njengokumelana nokugqwala, amandla aphezulu athile, ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukuqhuba okuphezulu, ukushabalalisa ukushisa okuhle, njll., kodwa iningi elikhulu
Izinto zensimbi azikwazi ukuba nezakhiwo ezikhethekile eziningi ezivelele ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi izinto zensimbi ezinezakhiwo ezikhethekile zivame ukuba
Ayitholakali kalula futhi iyabiza, ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngobuningi, ngakho-ke uma ungenza izinto ezahlukahlukene ezinezakhiwo ezikhethekile ukuze ufinyelele ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo, khona-ke
Kungahlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa. Umehluko ezimpahleni zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zezinto zensimbi ezingafani ngokuvamile mkhulu, okuyinto engenakugwenywa enqubweni yokushisela
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali e-intermetallic, anethonya elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwamalunga e-weld, amakhemikhali e-intermetallic aqhekekile azokwenza kube lula kakhulu ukukhiqiza i-weld
Kunzima kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-laser eyodwa ngqo ukushisela amalunga ensimbi angafani, futhi ukuzinza kwenqubo yayo kunzima ukuyilawula.
Ubunzima bokukhiqiza kabusha. Inani elikhulu lezazi nochwepheshe lithole ukuthi ukushisela ngentambo ye-laser kuhle kakhulu ekushiseleni izinsimbi ezingafani, futhi ukukhetha kufanelekile.
Ucingo lokugcwalisa lungavimbela ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali aphakathi kwensimbi ngezinga elithile, futhi lungathuthukisa kakhulu indlela okusebenza ngayo amalunga ahlanganisiwe.
Ukusebenza:
①I-Mg/Cu lap joint ehlanganiswe nge-laser wire filling welding ingakhiwa kahle ngaphansi kwemingcele yenqubo efaneleAmandla aphezulu okusika amalunga ensimbi angafani anamandla athile angafinyelela ku-164.2MPa, okungama-64% ensimbi eyisisekelo ye-magnesium alloy.
② Kufundwa ukushisela kwejoyinti le-Al/Ti lap kanye nejoyinti le-butt, futhi imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi inqubo yokushisela izinzile futhi yakheka lapho kusetshenziswa indawo yokukhanya engunxandeUhlu oluhle, olubanzi lwemigomo yenqubo, ikhwalithi ephezulu yokushisela, amandla ayo aphezulu okuthambekela afinyelela ku-94% wensimbi eyisisekelo ye-aluminium alloy;Thuthukisa ukwakheka kwe-weld.Ngezinto zokusebenza ezinezinhloso zokuthwala, uma i-weld iwa, ukujiya kwayo okusebenzayo kuzoncishiswa, futhi izakhiwo zemishini zizoncishiswa uma i-weld iluma.
Kuzoholela ekugxilweni kokucindezeleka emaphethelweni e-weld, futhi izakhiwo zemishini zizoncipha. Kwi-workpiece enezidingo zokubukeka, uma i-weld iwa
Ukukhahlela noma ukuluma umphetho kungaba nomthelela omkhulu emehlweni futhi akwamukeleki. Ukuze kwenziwe ukushibilika kugcwale, ukushibilika ngentambo ye-laser
Kuyindlela enhle kakhulu, ngoba ucingo lokushisela luhlanganiswe echibini elincibilikisiwe, lungakhuphula ngempumelelo ivolumu yechibi elincibilikisiwe, bese luqinisekisa ukuthi ukushisela kugcwele.
Iphutha lonqenqema lokuluma.
Komsebenzi onesikhala esikhulu samalunga (ngokuvamile≥0.3mm), ukushisela nge-laser eyodwa kunzima ukufeza ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo, futhi kungagcwaliswa kuphela
Izinto ezengeziwe zingagcwalisa igebe lokushisela, ngakho-ke ukushisela ucingo lwe-laser kuyisisombululo esisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ukushisela ifillet enesikhala esincane
Ukushisela i-laser wire filling welding okunegebe elincane kungafeza ukushisela okusebenzayo kwamapuleti aphakathi namakhulu ngokusebenzisa ama-laser amancane naphakathi, hhayi nje ngokufaka ukushisela
Ucingo lokushintsha ukwakheka kanye nesakhiwo sensimbi yokushisela, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele kwejoyinti elishiselwe, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise ukuthambekela kokushisela kwe-laser eyodwa
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokubekezelela amaphutha komlomo ovulekile, kanye nendawo ethintekile ekushiseni kwe-weld kuncane, kanti nokucindezeleka kwejoyinti elihlanganisiwe nakho kuncane, okunomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ochwepheshe abaningi nezazi benze ucwaningo olufanele ngayo:
①Ukusebenzisa igebe elincane le-laser wire filling multi-channelIndlela yokushisela ishiselwe ngepuleti lensimbi lasemanzini elingu-40mm ubukhulu be-Q345D, imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi amapharamitha enqubo yokushisela afanele angathola isimo esihle,
Ijoyinti elihlanganisiwe elingenazo izimbobo, alinazo iziphambeko ezifana nokungahlanganisi, ukuqina komthelela wesikhungo sokushisela kuhle, futhi amandla okunamathela e-weld aphezulu kunalawo ezinto eziyisisekelo;
②Insimbi ye-rotor engu-50mm ubukhulu ihlanganiswe nge-laser wire filling multi-pass welding, futhi imiphumela ibonise ukuthi amapharamitha enqubo yokushisela ayefaneleka.
Ingakha kahle, ayinazo iziphambeko ezifana nokungahlangani kodonga oluseceleni, ukuqina komthelela welunga kuyancishiswa, kodwa amandla ayo okuthamba aphezulu kunalawo kamama.
Izinkuni;③Kufundwa ukushisela kokugcwalisa ucingo lwe-laser olunegebe elincane le-20mm ubukhulu be-5083 aluminium alloy, futhi imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi kunezindlela ezifanele zokufaka inqubo yokushisela.
Ijoyinti elihlanganisiwe elinezimbobo ezimbalwa futhi elingenazo iziphambeko ezifana nokungahlanganisi lingatholakala.
Amacala okufaka isicelo kanye nezincomo zemishini kanye nepharamitha yenqubo
1. Amacala okufaka isicelo
Thuthukisa ukwakheka kwe-weld
Izidingo: Ukushisela insimbi engagqwali engu-1mm no-3mm, umthungo wokushisela uyadingeka ukuze ungabi nama-porosity, futhi ukubumba kuhle.
Imishini: RFL-C4000 (ububanzi be-fiber core 200μm), i-wire feeder, ikhanda lokushisela.
Ithebula 5 Izincomo zesimo somsele kanye nosayizi
Imiphumela: Ukubumba bekukuhle futhi ukushisela bekungenayo imigodi, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 5.
Umfanekiso 5 Ukwakheka kwe-Weld kanye nesimo se-cross section
Ukushisela kwe-multi-pass okunesikhala esincane se-laser wire filling
Izidingo: Ipuleti lensimbi lasemanzini le-Q345 eliwugqinsi oluyi-18mm elihlanganisiwe, lidinga imigodi embalwa yokushisela, akukho ukungahlanganisi, ukuthambekela kwamalunga
Amandla aphezulu kunezinto eziyisisekelo, futhi ukwakheka kwe-weld kungcono.
Imishini: RFL-C6000 (ububanzi be-fiber core 400μm), i-wire feeder, ikhanda lokushisela.
Amapharamitha enqubo: iphasi lokushisela kumele libekwe eceleni, usayizi we-beveled uboniswe kuMfanekiso 6, kanti amanye amapharamitha enqubo yokushisela aboniswe kuThebula 2.
Umfanekiso 6 Usayizi womsele
Imiphumela: Ukubumba bekukuhle, bekungekho ukungahlangani, futhi ukushisela empeleni bekungenayo imigodi, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 7, futhi kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kokuthamba
Kufakazelwe ukuthi ukushintshwa kwensimbi kuyaphuka ezintweni eziyisisekelo, okubonisa ukuthi amandla okunamathelana kwejoyinti aphezulu kunalawo ezinto eziyisisekelo.
UMFANEKISO 7 Umdwebo we-Metallographic wesigaba esiphambene se-weld
2. Isiphakamiso sepharamitha yemishini kanye nenqubo
Thuthukisa ukwakheka kwe-weld kanye nekhwalithi
Ukuze kusetshenziswe i-laser wire welding yezinto ezivamile, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kwe-weld, ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi ubukhulu be-laser kanye ne-fiber core,
Ikhanda lokushisela kufanele lihlelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ububanzi bendawo yokugxila buphakathi kuka-0.4mm no-0.6mm, futhi ucingo lokushisela kufanele lukhethwe ngebanga elifanele.
Ezinye izilinganiso zokushisela ziboniswe kuThebula 2 kanye neThebula 3.
Ukushisela kwe-multi-pass okunesikhala esincane se-laser wire filling
Ukuze kufakwe i-laser wire welding ebanzi ebanzi, ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi ububanzi bendawo yokugxila bube ngu-0.6mm ~ 1.0mm, futhi
Futhi ucingo lokushisela kufanele lukhethe ibanga elifanele, ngaphezu kwalokho, usayizi we-groove ehlangene kumele ube nomklamo ofanele, usayizi we-groove awukwazi ukuba mkhulu kakhulu,
Ngaphandle kwalokho, kulula ukubangela ukungahlangani ngaphakathi kwe-weld, futhi usayizi womsele ojwayelekile onconywayo uboniswe kuThebula 5; Inani lama-bead kufanele lisekelwe ku-joint maximum
Uma ubukhulu obukhulu ukuze kutholakale, ukushintshwa kokuqala okungezansi kuyanconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe amandla aphezulu okushintshwa kwemishini ukuze kutholakale, ngemva kokujula ngakunye kweyodwa
Ngokuvamile 3mm ~ 5mm; Ngokuphathelene nemingcele yenqubo yokushisela esetshenziswa kubhontshisi ngamunye, kuyadingeka ukuthembela ekujuleni kwayo okudingekayo kokushisela nokuthi nini
Ububanzi be-weld pass yangaphambili buyanqunywa. Uma ububanzi be-weld pass bukhulu, inani lokususa ukugxila kufanele landiswe ngokulinganisela ukuvimbela udonga oluseceleni ukuthi lungaphumeleli ukuhlangana.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-03-2025
